定语从句简单总结

时间：2024-09-26 09:38:48 雪桃总结我要投稿

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定语从句简单总结

　　总结是在某一时期、某一项目或某些工作告一段落或者全部完成后进行回顾检查、分析评价，从而得出教训和一些规律性认识的一种书面材料，它可以帮助我们总结以往思想，发扬成绩，快快来写一份总结吧。但是总结有什么要求呢？以下是小编收集整理的定语从句简单总结，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。

定语从句简单总结

　　一、定语从句的分类

　　根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

　　二、关系副词的用法

　　(1)when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：

　　This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。

　　(2)where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：

　　This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。

　　(3)why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：

　　Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

　　三、关系代词的用法

　　1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

　　Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)

　　The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)

　　2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

　　The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)

　　The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)

　　3.who， whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：

　　The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)

　　Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)

　　注意：(1)当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that， which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用介词 which/whom结构。例如：

　　This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。

　　Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

　　(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：

　　This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。

　　(3)that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：

　　The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。

　　(4)关系词只能用that的情况：

　　a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

　　He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。

　　b.被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

　　Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?

　　c.先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

　　This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

　　d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

　　I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

　　e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：

　　Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?

　　f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：

　　There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

　　(5)关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：

　　a.先行词为that， those时，用which，而不用that.例如：

　　Whats that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?

　　b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：

　　This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。

　　c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：

　　Tom came back， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。

　　拓展：定语从句及相关术语

　　1.定语从句：修饰某一句中的名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。被修饰的词称为先行词。

　　2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词

　　关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有where, when, why等。

　　关系词常有3个作用：

　　1、引导定语从句。

　　2、代替先行词。

　　3、在定语从句中担当一个成分。

　　关系代词引导的定语从句

　　1.who指人，在从句中做主语

　　(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

　　(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

　　2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

　　(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

　　(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.

　　注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

　　(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

　　3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

　　(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

　　(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.

　　4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom;指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

　　(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year

　　rises one million.

　　(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

　　5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语

　　(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

　　(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

　　whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替

　　(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

　　(4)The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

　　(5)Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? (6)Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

　　介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

　　1. 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导

　　(1)The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.

　　(2)The school in which he once studied is very famous.

　　(3)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.

　　(4)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.

　　(5)We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talk-ed about.

　　(6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.

　　2.关系代词前的介词的选择

　　由先行词的习惯搭配或根据先行词的需要。

　　(1) The speed at which light travels is 300,000 km per second. (at the speed of …以…速度)

　　(2) The reason for which he didn’t come to school was that he was ill. (for a certain reason 由于某种原因)

　　介词可能是从句短语动词的一个固定部分或固定搭配

　　(3) Don’t bring children to see the animals of which they are afraid. (be afraid of 害怕)

　　(4) This is the teacher from whom I borrowed the book. (borrow from…从…借入

　　注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等

　　(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)

　　(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)

　　2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that;指物时用 which，不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose

　　(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)

　　(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)

　　(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)

　　(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)

　　3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词

　　(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.

　　(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.

　　(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.

　　关系副词引导的定语从句

　　1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语

　　(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

　　(2) The time when we got together finally came.

　　2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语

　　(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.

　　(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

　　3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语

　　(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

　　(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.

　　注意：1.关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

　　(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear.

　　(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.

　　(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.

　　2.当先行词为时间、地点、原因名词时，如果在从句中不是作状语时，不可用关系副词引导。

　　(1)The reason (that/which) he gave for being late is that his mother was ill.

　　(2)They make me think of the happy days (that/which) we spent together.

　　(3)Is this factory the one (that/which) they visited the day before yester- day.

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