初中英语知识点总结15篇(荐)
总结是事后对某一阶段的学习、工作或其完成情况加以回顾和分析的一种书面材料,它可以提升我们发现问题的能力,让我们抽出时间写写总结吧。那么总结应该包括什么内容呢?以下是小编收集整理的初中英语知识点总结,欢迎阅读,希望大家能够喜欢。
初中英语知识点总结1
作状语,作定语,作表语,作宾补
1.副词的排列顺序
1)时间,地点副词,小单位在前,大单位在后
2)方式副词,短的在前,长的在后,并用and或but等连词连接。
3)多个不同副词排列:程度+地点+方式+时间副词
注意:副词very可以修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词
副词enough要放在形容词或副词的后面,形容词enough放在名词前后都可。
2副词比较等级
其变化规则与形容词比较等级变化规则相同。 但副词的'最高级前一般不加定冠词the.
3辨析:
1)how long, how soon, how ofen, how far
how long: “多久,多长时间”,对一个持续的时间段提问,常对“for+时间段”和“since+时间点”进行提问。
how soon: “多快,多久以后”,对一个短暂性动作提问,用于一般将来时的句子中,常对“in+时间段”进行提问。
how often: “多长时间一次”,对频率提问,常对“once,twice,three times a week”等提问。 how far: “多远”,对距离提问。
2)hard和hardly
hard “努力地,辛苦地,剧烈地,猛烈地”,是程度副词。 hardly :“几乎不”,是否定副词。
3)much too 和too much
much too “非常,极其,太” 修饰形容词或副词原级 too much “太多” 修饰不可数名词
初中英语知识点总结2
1、语法是框架基础
初中英语是每位同学开始系统性的学习语法的重要过渡阶段,大家千万不要忽略此时所打下的语法基础。
在课堂上要聚精会神地听老师讲课,抓住每一个语法点。并且在课堂上要养成记笔记的习惯,每一个语法点当中的小知识都要记在你的语法笔记本上,便于考前的总结和复习。
在平日的练习中,也要学会加强自己对语法知识点的学习,例如可以多做一些相关类的语法题,或者分析文章中的语法结构。
2、文章是学习关键
课本中的每一篇文章,都可能成为考试中的关键,所以大家在学习课本内容时一定要格外地用心。课后不妨有选择性地将课本中的重点内容背诵下来,因为在最初学习英语的时候,同学们可能还没有形成一种比较有效的学习方式,这时,背诵就是你最好的选择了,这不仅能够培养你的语感,还能了解到句子分析及文章结构等其他知识点。当你把课本上的文章都掌握了后,还可以选择课外读物来提高自己的阅读量。
3、写作动笔才能进步
初中英语写作的'难度相对而言不算很高,最有效地提高自己写作分数的方式就是亲自动笔操练。
在日常英语练习的过程中,只有动笔写才能够发现自己的句子中的语法错误,所以写作仅在心里想要怎么写是不对的,一定要学会动笔写。并且在写作的过程中,可以灵活运用一些模板,这样不仅能够节省写作思考的时间,还能让你文章的结构逐渐变得更加有逻辑性。
4、听力坚持才有效果
学习英语,听力都是必不可少的环节之一。不管是哪个阶段的英语听力,想要提高都需要长期坚持地练习。在听力练习的过程中,如果有哪一句没有听清楚的话,在第二遍听的时候一定要格外地注意。如若好几遍都听不清内容的话,建议看完文本后再听一遍。
初中英语知识点总结3
01、一般现在时
概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
02、一般过去时
概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1988, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词。
03、现在进行时
概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.
基本结构:am/is/are+doing
否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
04、过去进行时
概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
基本结构:was/were+doing
否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。
05、现在完成时
概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
基本结构:have/has + done
否定形式:have/has + not +d one.
一般疑问句:have或has。
06、过去完成时
概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的`动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
基本结构:had + done.
否定形式:had + not + done.
一般疑问句:had放于句首。
07、一般将来时
概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
基本结构:①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.
否定形式:①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。
08、过去将来时
概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
时间状语:
the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
基本结构:①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do.
否定形式:①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.
一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②would/should提到句首。
初中英语知识点总结4
一,表示并列关系的连词有:
and,both…and,neither…nor,either…or,not only…but also,as well as
1.and“和,并且”,连接对等的词句。(在否定句中要用or连接。)
I like physics and chemistry.我喜欢物理和化学。
I don’t like physics or chemistry.我不喜欢物理和化学。
2.both…and“……和……都”
Both Jim and Mary went to the cinema yesterday.昨天吉姆和玛丽都去看电影了。
Exercise is good both for body and for mind.运动有益于身心。
3.neither…nor两者皆不
He neither smokes nor drinks.他既不抽烟又不喝酒。
I like neither swimming nor skating.我既不喜欢游泳,又不喜欢溜冰。
4.either…or不是…就是…,或者…或者….。
Either you come to the office now,or wait for me at home.
你要么现在到办公室来,要么就在家等着。
Either he or I will leave.不是他就是我将要离开。
5.not only…but(also)不但……而且……(not only…but also中的also可以省略。)
Not only she but also I am wrong.不但她错了,我也错了。
He not only made a promise,but kept it.他不仅许诺,而且做到了。
6.as well as也、又
We will rescue Henry as well as you.除了你,我们还要营救亨利。
He likes basketball as well as football.除了足球,他还喜欢篮球。
二、常用的从属连词:
(一)引导时间状语从句的连词有:when,while,since,until,after,before,as soon as
1.when当……时
When we got there,the meeting had begun.我们到时,会议已经开始了。
It was raining when she arrived at the station.她到达车站时,正在下雨。588.es
2.while正当……时,正在……时。(while引导的从句中,谓语动词必须是延续性动词,且常常用进行时。
Don’t make any noise while others are reading.别人读书时不要制造噪音。
She sang while she was walking.她边走边唱。
3.since自从
It’s just a month since we arrived here.我们到这儿刚好一月了。
My mother has been ill since I left home.自从我离开家我妈妈就一直生病。
4.until直到……为止
Until you told me,I knew nothing at all about it.在我告诉我之前,我对此之外无所知。
He didn’t appear until the meeting had begun.直到会议开始他才露面。
5.before在……之前
after在……之后
I’ll phone you after I arrive.我到达之后给你打电话。
Say goodbye before you go.你走之前要说再见。
6.as soon as一……就
I’ll visit you as soon as I come back.我一回来就去拜访你。
Please tell him as soon as you see him.你一看见他就请告诉他。
(二)引导原因状语从句的连词:because,since,as,for,now that
1.because因为(because与so不能并用。)
I can’t believe in him because he isn’t honest.我不能信任他,因为他不诚实。
She didn’t come because she didn’t know it.她没有来,因为她不知道。
2.since既然
Since he says so,it must be true.既然他这么说,那一定是真的。
Since you ask,I will tell you.你既然问,我就告诉你。
3.as因为,由于
As we are hungry,let’s have supper.由于大家饿了,我们就吃晚饭吧。
Mother began to worry about my brother as it was getting dark.
由于天越来越黑,妈妈开始为哥哥着急。
4.for因为
We can't go for it is raining.我们不能走,因为正在下雨。
I enjoyed myself at the party for I knew all the guests well.
我在晚会上玩得很尽兴,因为所有的.个人我都很熟悉。
5.now that既然
Now that he is unhappy,let’s leave him alone.既然他不高兴,我们就让他自己呆着吧。
Now that she feels sorry,please forgive her.既然她很后悔,就请原谅她吧。
(三)引导结果状语从句:so…that,such…that
1.so…that如此……以致
She is so tired that he can’t go any further.她太累了,不能再走了。
She is so big a cat that she can’t get into the hole.这猫太大了钻不进这洞。
2.such…that如此……以致
It’s such a beautiful place that I wouldn’t come back.这地方太美了,令我留恋返。
It’s such a fine day that many people go to the park for fun.
天气这么好,许多人都到公园里来玩乐。
(四)引导目的状语从句的连词:so that,in order that以便
They hurried so that they can get there on time.他们加快了速度,为的是能够按时到达。
I hired a boat in order that I can go fishing.为了去钓鱼,我租了条小船。
(五)引导比较状语从句的连词:than,as…as
He is taller than his brother.他比他兄弟高。
She could draw as well as her teacher.她能画得跟她的老师一样好。
(六)引导让步状语从句的连词:though,although(though与although的用法基本一样)
Although it rained hard,he still went out.尽管雨下得很大,他还是出去了。
Even though I have enough time,I don’t want to go there with him.
尽管我有时间,可我并不想跟他去那。
初中英语知识点总结5
1.should可表示惋惜、忧虑、欢欣、惊讶等感情色彩以及婉转语气。
Its a pity that she leave so soon. 很可惜,她很快就要离开了。(惋惜)
They were worried that their motherland should be in such great
danger.他们因祖国处在如此巨大的危险中而感到忧虑。(忧虑)
It is unbelievable that my brother should be working so
hard.难以置信,我弟弟工作竟然如此努力。(惊讶)
I should think your answer is correct. 我想你的答案该是对的吧。(婉转)
2.would可用于委婉的陈述、客气的请求和委婉的`建议。
I don’t think he would be so careless. 我认为他不会那么粗心。
Would you like to come to my birthday party? 你想来参加我的生日聚会吗?
3.dare可表示“胆敢”。
I dare not say such rude things.我不敢说粗话。
4.need可表示“需要”。
Need I finish the task this afternoon? 我今天下午要完成任务吗?
Tom, you needn’t worry too much. 汤姆,没必要这么担心。
这里借用一下网友总结的记忆口诀:
动词原形接后面,说话语气较委婉。
can 能力may许可,must责任或义务。
否定回答needn’t换,需要need, dare敢。
should应该,would愿,have to被迫表客观。
情态动词虽然数量有限,但用法广泛。清楚所有情态动词的表示意义,对英语遣词造句具有非常重要的作用。
初中英语知识点总结6
不定式的基本形式与结构
动词不定式指通常由to加上动词原形(如to write)所构成的一种非限定性动词形式,但在有些情况下to可以省略。
动词不定式有进行体和完成体(如上to be writing,to have written),也有被动态(如to be written),所有的主动词,不论是及物动词还是不及物动词,也不论是动作动词还是状态动词,都有不定式形式。助动词除be和have外,没有不定式形式。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。
不定式的.用法
1)不定式结构作主语
Te get contact with his family in Taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 years ago.To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge.
在上述情况下,如果不定式较长,显得头重脚轻,则可由代词让作形式主语(形式主语it不可由that或this等其他代词代替),而将不定式放到后面。如It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago.John admitted that it is always difficult for him to be on time.
不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的,即不定式的逻辑主语,通常可以通过for sb.to do sth.结构表达It is quite important for us to read good books during a general review.It is not difficult fot those talented students to pass the exam.
在某些形容词(如careless,clever,considerate,foolish,good,impolite,kind,naughty,nice,silly,stupid等)作表语时,不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语It is very kind of you to tell me the truth.It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing.
2)不定式作宾语
不定式作宾语有两种一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式,另一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式。
及物动词+带to的不定式结构:只能跟动词不定式的动词,常见的有:afford,agree,aim,appear,ask,believe,care,claim,decide,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,happen,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,long,manage,offer,pretend,promise,prepare,refuse,seek,swear,undertake,want,wish等。
He managed to solve the complicated problem.The stranger offered to show me the way.Mr.Smith undertook to build a new plant in South Africa.
动词+疑问代(副)词+不定式这类动词常见的有advise,decide,find out,forget,inquire,know,learn,see,regard初中英语语法总结,remember,teach,tell,understand,wonder等。
常见的疑问代(副)词有:what,when,where,which,how,whether等。
He does not know when to start.You can decide whether to continue or to stop.
I will show you how to deal with it.
有时,不定式可由it代替,而把不定式放到后面去。这可以用这一结构表达动词(如find,think,consider,feel等)+it+形容词+不定式。She considers it necessary to make friends with him.We find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 o’clock.
初中英语知识点总结7
冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面帮助指明名词的含义。冠词分为不定冠词a(an)和定冠词the两种。不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面,表示“一”的意义,但不强调数目观念,只表示名词为不特定者。定冠词则表示名词为特定者,表示“这”、“那”、“这些”、“那些”的意思,在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用。
I不定冠词
We need an apple and a knife.
我们需要一个苹果和一把刀子。
1.a和an的区别
不定冠词有a[+]和an[+Q]两种形式,a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的'词前。an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。
a boy, a university, a European country
u是元音字母,但发音是[U(],是辅音。
an hour,an honor,an island
h是辅音字母,但它不发音,它的音标是是元音。
an elephant,an umbrella,an egg
2(1)不定冠词的用法
①泛指—类人或物。
eg. This is a pencil case.
②指不具体的某个人或物。
eg. I met an old man On my way home.
③用在序数词前,相当于another.
eg. There’s a third boy near the shop.
④表示“每—(个)”,相当于every.
eg. They have music lessons twice a week.
必背!
give a lesson take a bath have a rest
教(一堂)课洗(个)澡休息
have a talk have a fever have a good time
听报告发烧过得愉快
have(take)a walk have a headache have a nice trip
散步头疼旅途愉快
a lot of, a lot, a little, a few, a glass of, such a/an, have a word with, have a look, have a try, have a swim, a quarter, half an hour, three times a day, have a talk, give a talk, ten Yuan a kilo
(2)不定冠词的位置
①不定冠词—般放在所修饰的单数可数名词前。
eg, a bike, an egg
②当名词被such, what, many修饰时,不定冠词放在这些词之后。
eg.It took me half an hour to finish my homework.
He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.
What a dangerous job it is!
Many a man has gone to the big cities for work.
③当名词前的形容词前有so, how, too等词时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后。
Eg. She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.
How nice a film this is!
④当名词前面有形容词和quite, rather, very时,不定冠词放在quite, rather之后,very之前。
eg.It is quite a good book.
That is rather a useful too1.
This is a very interesting story.
初中英语知识点总结8
一、need和dare的用法
need和dare既可用作情态动词,也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时,主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时,可用于各种句式。
1、用作情态动词
Need I come? --Yes, you must. --我需要来吗? --需要。 You neednt telephone him now.你现在不必打电话给他。
I dont think you need worry.我想你不必发愁。
She dare not go out alone at night.她晚上不敢一个人出去。
How dare you say Im unfair?你竟敢说我不公平?
Not one of them dared mention this.他们谁也不敢提这件事。
2、用作实义动词
You dont need to do it yourself.你不必亲自做这件事。
We need to tell them the news.我们需要把这消息告诉他们。
The table needs painting (to be painted.).桌子需要油漆一下。
We should dare to give our own opinion.我们要敢于提出自己的观点。
He did not dare (to) look up.他不敢抬头看。
I dare day hell come again.我想他会再来的'。(I dare say…为固定习语)
二、情态动词后跟完完成这项工作的。
He isnt here. He must have missed the train.他还未到,一定是没赶上火车。 Where can (could) he gone?他能到那里去了呢?
You may (might) have read about it.你可能在报上已经读到这件事了。 You could (might) have been more careful.你本来可以更细心的。
He neednt have worried it.他本不必为此事担心。
There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You ought to have come, but why didnt you?昨天的聚会非常有意思。你本应该来,为何不来呢?
三、动词be(is,am,are)的用法
我(I)用am,你(you)用are,is跟着他(he)、她(she)、它(it)。单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。变否定,更容易,be后not加上去。变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意,句首大写莫忘记。
四、 this,that和it用法
(1)this和that是指示代词,it是人称代词。
(2)距离说话人近的人或物用this,距离说话人远的人或物用that。如:
This is a flower.这是一朵花。(近处)
That is a tree.那是一棵树。(远处)
(3)放在一起的两样东西,先说this,后说that。如:
This is a pen. That is a pencil.这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。
(4)向别人介绍某人时说This is…,不说That is…。如:
This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom.这是海伦。海伦,这是汤姆。
(5)This is不能缩写,而That is可以缩写。如:
This is a bike. That’s a car.这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。
(6)打电话时,介绍自己用this,询问对方用that。如:
—Hello! Is that Miss Green?喂,是格林小姐吗?
—Yes, this is. Who’s that?是的,我是,你是谁?
注意:虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”,但英语中打电话时绝不可以说:I am…, Are you…?/Who are you?
(7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时,要用it代替this或that。如:
①—Is this a notebook?这是笔记本吗?
—Yes, it is.是的,它是。
②—What’s that?那是什么?
—It’s a kite.是只风筝。
五、these和those用法
this, that, these和those是指示代词,these是this的复数形式,指时间、距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。
①This is my bed. That is Lily’s bed.这是我的'床。那是莉莉的床。
②These pictures are good.那些画很好。
③ Are those apple trees?那些是苹果树吗?
在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时,通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如:
Are these/those your apples?这些(那些)是你的苹果吗?
Yes, they are.是的,他们是。
初中英语知识点总结9
如果一个动词加上了ing变成了名词,那么这个词称动名词。 由于动名词是由动词变化而来,它仍保留着动词的某些特征,具有动词的某些变化形式,用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念。动名词的名词特征表现在它可在句子中当名词来用,作主语、宾语、表语、定语。它也可以被副词修饰或者支配宾语。
动名词的作用
1、作主语
1)、 直接位于句首做主语。例如: Swimming is a good sport in summer.
2)、 用 it 作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。 动名词做主语时,不太常用 it 作先行主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后。例如: It is no use telling him not to worry.
3)、动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较:动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作,不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较: Smoking is not good for health. It is not good for you to smoke so much.
2、作表语
动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。
Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)
What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)
3、作定语
动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如: a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing 。
4、作宾语
例:We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。
5、有些词后只能接动名词 ,不能跟不定式。 allow;avoid; celebrate; consider; discontinue; dislike; enjoy; escape; excuse; explain; feel like; finish; forgive; can’t help; imagine; keep; it means;mind; miss; practice; prevent;等
6、另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用短语。 spend money/time; think of, give up, put off, insist on, be good at, do well in, can't help, keep on, feel like, be tired (afraid, capable, fond) of, look forward to, be used to, devote oneself to, stick to, respond to, look forward to,
7、 有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可,例如:remember, forget, try, stop, go on, stop,regret,, mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式,但意义截然不容。 例: like doing sth 表经常性动作like to do sth表习惯性动作;
stop doing sth,停止正在做的事情stop to do sth停下来做另外一件事; remember,forget,regret的.不定时结构指后于谓语动词的动作,动词的ing形式则先于谓语动词的动作 remember to do/doing: ①I remembered to post the letters.(指未来/过去未来将要做的动作) ②I remembered posting/having posted the letters.(我记得做过这个动作)
try to(努力)与try +–ing(试验): ①I tried not to go there.(我设法不去那里)
②I tried doing it again.(我试着又干了一次);go on to do sth继续做某事(不是同一件事), go on doing sth继续做某事(同一件事);
常见考法
对于动名词的考查,在单项和词语运用中出现的较多,常常考到一些动名词的固定用法。
典型例题:Do you mind_________ me with my work.?
A.to help B.help C.helping D.helped
解析:本题考查动名词的用法。Mind后跟动名词,表示“介意做某事”,不可以跟不定式。
答案:C
误区提醒
有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可,但意义截然不容,那几个词以及两种句型的不同之处必须牢记在心,因为这是我们经常出错的地方。
典型例题:Don't forget _____ this book to John when you see him.
A. to return B. returning C. return D. to returning
解析:本题考查forget加不定式和动名词的区别。Forget to do表示“忘记曾经做过某事”,事情已经做过; forget doing表示“忘记去做某事”,事情还没做。根据语境“当你见到John 的时候,别忘记把这本书给他”,可知事情还没做,应该用不定式。
答案:A
初中英语知识点总结10
1、时间状语从句:引导时间状语从句的连词有when/while/as/as soon as/until/not…untill/before/after/since等。
例如:
When you leave,please take a raincoat with you.
As soon as she got home,she began to make dinner.
注意:
(1)while意为“当…期间”,从句中的谓语动词一般用进行时态。
例如:
Take notes while you are listening to the teacher.
(2)while侧重主句中谓语动词表示的动作或存在的状态与从句谓语动词所表示的动作或存在的状态的对比,常译为“而”。
例如:
He is a worker while I am a student.
(3)not…until,直到……才,主句谓语动词必须是非持续性动词而且主句是否定式,从句为肯定式。
例如:
He did not go to bed until his mother came.
(4)在时间状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来时间。
例如:
Mr smith will telephone you when he returns.
2、原因状语从句:引导原因状语从句的连词有:because/as/since等。
例如:
His sister is in bed because she is ill.
注意:含原因状语从句的复合句,有时可以转换为用so连接的并列句,故because和so不能同时出现在一个句子中。
例如:
He did not come here because he was busy.
He was busy,so he did not come here.
3、地点状语从句:引导地点状语从句的连词有where或wherever.
例如:
Where there is no air or water,noboday can live.
4、条件状语从句:引导条件状语从句的连词有if/unless等。
(1)在含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句中,主句谓语部分通常含有will/shall或情态动词,从句用一般现在时表示将来时态。
例如:
We will go for a picnic if it dose not rain tomorrow.
(2)if……not常译作“如果不…”,相当于unless,unless含有否定意义,译作“假如不”,“除非”。
例如:
例如:
You will fail if you do not work hard.
You will fail unless you work hard.
(3)用if改写“祈使句+and+简单句”这一句子结构中的祈使句时,要在祈使句前加if you,并去掉并列连词and.
例如:
Study hard,and you will catch up with us.
If you study hard,you will catch up with us.
(4)用if……not改写“祈使句+or+简单句”这一结构中的祈使句时,要变祈使句为否定的条件状语从句,并去掉or.
例如:
Hurry,or you won′t catch the bus.
If you study hard ,you will catch up with us.
5、目的和结构状语从句:引导目的状语从句的连词有so that;引导结果状语从句的连词有so …that…,such…that….
(1)so是副词,修饰形容词或副词。
So +adj/adv+that
例如:the shoes are so small that I can not wear them.
(2)such是形容词,修饰名词。
Such+a/an+adj+n(可数名词单数)+that…
Such+adj+n(不可数名词单数,可数名词复数)+that…
例如:
She is such a lovely girl that we all like her.可改为:she is so lovely a girl that we all like her.
(3)如果名词前是表示多少的'many/much/few/little等词时要用so.
例如:
I have so much money that we all like her.
(4)so …that的主从复合句在转换为简单句时,可选用下列四种结构。
Too…to do sth too…for sb to do
…enough to do sth enough for sb to do
例如:
Tom is so young that he can not join the army.
Tom is too young to join the army./tom is not old enough to jion the army.
The milk is so cool that we can drink it.
The milk is cool enough for us to drink.
6、比较状语从句:引导比较状语从句的连词有as…as,than等。
(1)表示甲乙在某一个方面相同时,用as+形容词/副词原级+as结构,表示甲在某一个方面不如乙时,用“not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as”结构。
例如:
John is as clever as tom.
He dose not run as/so fast as you .
(2)表示甲程度高于乙时,用“形容词、副词的比较级+than引导的”从句结构。
He si taller than I .
(3)两个比较对象要对等,即“应是句子中的同等成分进行比较”。
例如:
The weather in south is always hotter than that in north.
7、让步状语从句:引导让步状语从句的连词有though,although等。
例如:
They kept working on the farm though it was raining hard.=it was raining hard,but they kept working on the farm.
注意:though/although不能与并列连词but同时出现在一个句子中。
初中英语知识点总结11
I.要点
表示说的话不是事实,或者是不可能发生的情况,而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。
1、虚拟语气的构成
如:与现在事实相反
If I had more time, I should study German.(fact:I have no more time, so I shall not study German.)
If she were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.(fact:she is very busy, so she will not attend the meeting this afternoon.) If they didn’t take physical eXercises every day, they
wouldn’t be so healthy.(fact: they take physical eXercises every day, so they are very healthy.)
与过去事实相反:
I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s eXamination.(fact:I had no more time at yesterday’s eXam, so I didn’t check my paper again) You would have already recovered from his illness if he had seen the doctor in good time.(fact: He didn’t see the doctor in good time ,so he hasn’t recovered from his illness ) 与将来事实相反:
If it rains tomorrow, our picnic will be put off.(The weather has been changeable these days.) If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.( The weather has beenvery good these days.) If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.(That would be out of our eXpectation.) If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.(条件从句谓语动词用were to +动词原形,表示下雨的可能性极小。Were to rain和should rain都表示“出乎意料之外”,但were to加强表示“当初没想到以后的事”)
注:
((1)如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were或had, should, could
有时可将if省去,但要倒装。如:
Had you (If you had)invited us, we would have come to your party.
(2)混合时间条件句的用法:
有时条件从句的'动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致。这时动词的形式,应根据它所要表达的具体时间来决定用什么形式。
(1)If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be run so fast.(从句叙述过去,主句叙述现在。) (fact: she has trained very hard, so she would able to run fast.)
(2)You would speak English well enough if you had practised reading and speaking it every day.(主句叙述现在,从句叙述过去)
(fact: You didn’t practice (hasn’t practiced )reading and speaking it every day, so you can’t speak English well enough.)
(3)在其他状语从句中的。用法
主要用于由as if (as though)引导的比较状语从句,从句中谓语动词一般用“动词的过去式(be变were )或had +过去分词。”如: She looked as if she were ill.(实际上她没有病,在这里用虚拟语气补语比喻她精神不佳)
Xiao Liu speaks English so well as if he had studied in England.(这里用虚拟语气表现他的英语说得好)
2、虚拟语气在各种从句的应用
((1)在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等,其谓语形式是"should(可省)+动词原形",常用于以下三种句型中。 句型一、It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc)that…
句型二、It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc)that… 句型三、It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc)that…
如:It is strange that he (should)have done that. It is a pity that he (should)be so careless. It is requested that we (should)be so careless.
(2)在宾语从句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等动词后的宾语从句中,表间接的命令和建议。其谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如:
I suggest that we (should)go swimming.
(3)在表语从句中,表示间接的命令,要求、请求、建议、决定等,主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。从句谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如: His suggestion is that we (should)leave at once. (4)在同位语从句中,谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如: We received order that the work be done at once.
(5)在It is time that…句型中,其谓语动词形式是"动词的过去式"或"should +动词原形",should不可省。如: Its time (that)we went ( should go)to school.
初中英语知识点总结12
1,一日三餐前:I have lunch我吃中餐
2,球类,棋类,I play chess我下象棋,Iplayfootball我踢足球
3,星期I go to school on Monday我在星期一去上学
4,月份:Children’s Day is in June儿童节在六月
5,年份He was born in20xx他出生于20xx年
6,节日前:On Teachers’ Day在教师节
7,学科前:I have math class我上数学课
8,语言:I speak English well我说英语很好
初中英语知识点总结13
简单句的.五种基本句型
1.“主语+谓语”(即“主谓”句型)
例:They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning.分析:“they”(主语)“arrived”(谓语)。
2.“主语+谓语+宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型)
例:I study English.分析:“I”(主语)“study”(谓语动作)“English”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。
3.“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型)
例:Our teacher taught us English.分析:“our
teacher”(主语)“教”(谓语动作)“us”(间接宾语)“English”(直接宾语)。
4.“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾宾补”句型)
例:He asked her to go there.分析:“he”(主语)“asked”(谓语动作)“her”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)“to go
there”(补语—补充说明宾语做什么)。
5.“主语+系动词+表语”(即“主系表”句型)
常用的系动词有be, keep,lie, remain, stand, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn,
look, feel, seem, smell, sound, taste,等。
例:I am a teacher.分析:“I”(主语)“am”(系动词)“a teacher”(表语—即表明主语的身份)。
初中英语知识点总结14
现在进行时,从字面上理解,就是“现在正在进行、发生的动作”,表示动作发生的时间是“现在”,动作目前的状态是“正在进行中”。所谓“正在进行中”,是指在谈到这件事的时候,这个动作还在进行中。至于它是什么时候开始的,什么时候会停下来,不是我们关心的。所以“正在进行时”的事件,可能发生几年了,也可能只有几分钟。仍在进行中这是“正在进行时”的关键所在。它是一件持续进行的事情。
一、现在进行时的构成
现在进行时由"be+现在分词(v-ing)"构成。be应为助动词,一定不要漏掉哟!它应与主语的人称和数保持一致,即:I am/he/she/it 包括单数名词和不可数名词用is,you/we/they 包括复数名词用are. 。现在分词变化规则如下:
1.动词后直接+ ing(例:sleep+ing sleeping)
2.去掉不发音的e+ing(例:bite-e+ing biting)
3.重读闭音节,且末尾只有1个辅音字母,双写辅音字母+ing(例: sitting
sitting, beginning,getting,putting,running,stopping,cutting )
4.特殊变化:die-dying,lie-lying,tie-tying
句式构成如下:
肯定句式:主语+be( am, is, are)+现在分词+其它.
否定句式:主语+be(am, is, are) +not +现在分词+其它.
一般疑问句:Be(am, is, are) +主语+现在分词+其它? ,,
特殊疑问句:疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它?
二、现在进行时的应用
A表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。 例:We are waiting for you.
B. 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。 例:Mr. Green is writing another novel.
(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。) 例:She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
C.已经确定或安排好的将来活动。
I'm leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.(已经安排了) we're flying to Paris tomorrow.(票已经拿到了)
在实际运用时,现在进行时常用以下几种情况:
(1)当句子中有now时,常表示动作正在进行,这时要用现在进行时。如:
They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。
(2)以look, listen开头的句子,提示我们动作正进行,这时要用现在进行时。如:
Listen!She is singing an English song.听,她正在唱英语歌。
(3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作,且此时有this week, these days等时间状语,这时常用现在进行时。如:
We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。
(4)描述图片中的人物的.动作,也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。如:
Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图,那些孩子正在公园放风筝。
常见考法
对于现在进行时的考查,多以单选或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中,会让大家判断是否该用现在进行时,或填写现在分词,或进行句型转换。
典型例题1: Listen, who________(sing) in the music room?
解析:以 listen开头,提示我们动作正进行,这时要用现在进行时。所以应用is singing
典型例题2:The boys are visiting the history museum。(对划线部分提问)
解析:对动作提问用What,现在进行时,把are 提到主语前,加doing。
答案:What are the boys doing?
误区提醒
在口语中表示主语计划将要作的动作,用现在进行时表示将来时,这类情况常与come来,go去, leave离开,depart离开,arrive到达,stay逗留,start开始等动词连用。所用的动词必须是动作而不是状态,主语必须是人。
典型例题:They are (leave)for New York tomorrow.
解析:题意为“明天他们将要动身前往纽约”。虽然tomorrow 表示“明天”,表达未来,但leave要用现在进行时表示将来时,所以应用leaving 。
答案:leaving
初中英语知识点总结15
I.要点
1、一般现在时
((1)表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态,常与sometimes, always, often, every day等时间状语连用。如:
Sometimes, we go swimming after school.
(2)表示客观真理、科学事实等。如: The earth goes round the sun.
2、现在进行时
((1)表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作,常与now, at present等时间状语连用。如:
What are you doing now?
(2)和always, continually等连用,表一种经常反复的动作,常含有某种情感。如:
He is always doing good deeds.
3、现在完成时
主要表示动作发生在过去,对现在仍有影响,或动作一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去,常与just, already, so far, once, never等词连用。如:
Have you ever been to Beijing?
4、一般将来时
表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow, neXt year等连用。如:
Ill meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning. Were going to see a film neXt Monday.
5、一般过去时
表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态,常
与yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等词连用。如:
It happened many years ago.
6、过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的.动作。如: What were you doing this time yesterday?
7、过去完成时
表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如: The train had already left before we arrived.
8、一般过去将来时
表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如: He said he would come, but he didnt.
9、被动语态
被动语态的时态,以give为例。
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