初中英语知识点总结
总结是事后对某一阶段的学习、工作或其完成情况加以回顾和分析的一种书面材料，它可以有效锻炼我们的语言组织能力，因此我们需要回头归纳，写一份总结了。总结你想好怎么写了吗？下面是小编精心整理的初中英语知识点总结，仅供参考，希望能够帮助到大家。
初中英语知识点总结 1
一、词类、句子成分和构词法：
1、词类：英语词类分十种：
名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1、名词(n.)： 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.
2、代词(pron.)： 主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it .
3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange .
4、数词(num.)： 表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.
5、动词(v.)： 表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see .
6、副词(adv.)： 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very,here, often, quietly, slowly.
7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the.
8、介词(prep.)： 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind.
9、连词(conj.)： 用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .
10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello.
2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。
如：I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)
2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)
3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)
4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)
有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)
有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)
6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：()
7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually
keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my (他常常) / The teacher wanted me )
☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？)
3、构词法：英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。
1、合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。
2、派生法：
(1)派生名词：①动词+er/or ②动词+ing ③动词+(t)ion ④形容词+ness ⑤其他,如：inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge
(2)派生形容词：①名词+y ②名词+ful ③动词+ing/ed ④friendly ⑤dangerous ⑥
Chinese; Japanese ⑦English ⑧French ⑨German ⑩国名+(i)an 如：snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious
(3)派生副词：①形容词+ly ②其它,如：slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible→possibly等等。
3、转换法：
(1)形容词→动词,如：dry(干燥的)→dry(弄干), clean(干净的)→clean(打扫,弄干净),等等。
(2)动词→名词,如：look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。
(3)名词→动词,如：hand(手)→(传递),face(脸)→(面对)等等。
(4)形容词→副词,如：early→early, fast→fast等等。
(5)副词→连词,如：when(什么时候)→(当……时候),等等。
(6)介词→副词,如：in(到……里)→(在里面；在家),on(在…上)→(进行,继续),等等。
二、名词：
1、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：
1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。
专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。
如：Beijing, Tom, the People‘s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)
专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如：the Great Wall(长城)
姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。
2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如：pupil, family, man, foot.
普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。
▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如： box, child, orange；
▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：water, news, oil, population,information .
2、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：
①在单数名词词尾加s。如：map → maps,boy→ boys,horse→ horses, table→ tables. ②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如：class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches.
[注]：少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如：photo→photos, piano→pianos.
③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如：family→families, city→cities, party→parties.
④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如：shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.
2、不规则变化：man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child
→children, ox→oxen, goose→geese
不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如：a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk.
3、名词所有格：
1、 名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法
如下：
(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加?s。如：Childern‘s Day(儿童节), my sister‘s book(我姐姐的书)
(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加?。如：Teachers‘ Day(教师节)
(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加‘s. 如： newspaper(), break(), China‘s population(中国的人口).
(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。
如：
a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿).
2、[注解]：
① ’s还可以表示某人的.家或者某个店铺,如：my aunt‘s(我阿姨家), the doctor‘s(诊所)
② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B‘s 的形式,如：Lucy and Lily‘s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)
③ “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：a friend of my father‘s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)
4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题：
1、和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词
用单数形式：如：The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)
2、集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时,
① 如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班)
② 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如：Class Three have a map of China.(三班有张中国地图)
3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复
数。如：There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊)
4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数：The news is very exciting.
(这个消息令人兴奋)
5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如： The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买)
6、a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。 baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球) wasted on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句)
7、and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,
谓语则用单数。如：The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果) / Fish and chips is very famous food. (鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品)
8、 there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子)
9、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如： required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来)
10、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如：A woman with a . (一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边)
11、either…or…或者 neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如：(要么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的) / Neither you nor going there.(你和我都不打算去那里)
12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如：Two months is not a short time.(两个月不是个短时间)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距离).(两千千米是相当长的一段距离)
13、主语中含有half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等词语时,谓语的单复数由名 词确定,如：Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的) / A third of the students were playing near the lake.(学生的三分之一(当时)正在湖边玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了)(被动句)
但是,population一词又有特殊情况： What‘(中国人口是多少？)(句子用单数) / Three quarters of the in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用复数)
5、部分名词用法辨析：
1、sport、game、match、race 的区别：sport通常指“户外运动”,以锻炼为主,概念较大；game意思是“运动、比赛”,不管户内户外还是脑力体力,指以胜负为主的运动；match意为“竞赛、比赛”,多指正式比赛；race主要表示“赛跑、赛马、赛车”。如：People all around the world enjoy (全世界的人都喜爱运动) / The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.(2008奥运会将在北京举行)(被动句) / Our school football team won the league (联赛).(我们学校足球队取得了联赛冠军) / They (汤他们很棒,赢得了划艇比赛)
2、festival、holiday、vacation的区别：festival“节日”,指喜庆的日子或持续一段时间的文娱活动；holiday(假日、休息日),指法定假日或风俗习惯,复数可以表示一个较长的假期；vacation“假期”,指学习或工作中一段长时间的休息。如：The Shanghai Television Festival will be held next month.(上海电视节将在下个月举行) / Sunday is a holiday and most people do not work.(星期天是个假日,多数人不工作) / What are you going to do (在暑期你打算做什么事情？)
3、journey、tour、trip、travel的区别：journey指在陆地上(或海上或空中)进行的长途旅行,不知终点,含有辛苦的意思；tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行,强调游览多处,常用来指观光等；trip通常指往返定时的短途旅行,如出差度假等；travel多指长期或长途的观光旅行,尤其指到国外,没有明确目的地,也作不可数名词,指旅行这一行为。如：He made up his mind to make the to Dunhuang.(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行)/ He has gone on a walking tour.(他步行观光去了) / He took several trips to Shanghai last yeaar.(去年他去了上海好几次) / Did you go to Santiago(圣地亚哥) during your (旅行期间你去圣地亚哥了吗？) / through thick forests is dangerous.(在密林里边穿行是很危险的)
4、sound、noise、voice的区别：sound指各种声音；noise主要指“噪音”；voice指人的“嗓音”。如：The noise of the street kept me awake in the night.(街上的喧嚣声让我彻夜难眠) / All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry.(突然间传来几声枪响和一声尖叫) / The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.(因为感冒的缘故,这个歌唱家失去了她银铃般的嗓音)
5、fish的问题：指许多条鱼且不管种类时,用fish,单复数相同；fishes 指许多种类的鱼；fish指“鱼肉”时是不可数名词。如：There are many kinds of fishes in the pool. (池子里有很多种类的鱼)/ I prefer fish to meat.(与肉相比我更喜欢鱼)
三、代词：
1、代词的分类：英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。
Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗？) / Where have they gone?(他们上哪儿去了？) / That‘s it.(就那么回事) / It‘s he!(是他！)
2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。如：Who teach your English this year？(今年谁教你们的英语？) / Help me!(救救我！) / We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信)
3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。如：--Who is it?(是谁？) –It‘s I/me.(是我。)
4、 三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you→he→I”的顺序表达。如： .(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班) –Who will go there?(谁要去那儿？) –.(你和我)
5、 人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。如：--What‘s the weather like today?(今天天气怎样？)—It‘s fine.(天气晴好) / --What‘s the time?(几点啦？) –It‘s 12：00.(12点) / It‘s a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路) / It took him three days to clean his house.(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间) / It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into (很显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空)learn a foreign language well.(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的)
3、Is that your umbrella?(那是你的伞吗？) / I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.(我经常在星期天去看望阿姨) / They are their books.(是他们的书)
2、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。如：
This is your cup,but where is mine?(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿？) / Your .(你们的教室很大,我们的相当小)
3、“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如：
A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了) (指若干朋友中有一个来看我。)
[试比较] .(我的朋友昨天来看我了)(指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。)
4、Don‘t play with the knife, you might hurt (不要玩刀子,那会割伤你的)
2、在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如：
Only he didn‘t tell it well.(故事本身是好的,只是他没有讲好)
初中英语知识点总结 2
1、时间状语从句：引导时间状语从句的连词有when/while/as/as soon as/until/not…untill/before/after/since等。
例如：
When you leave,please take a raincoat with you.
As soon as she got home,she began to make dinner.
注意：
(1)while意为“当…期间”，从句中的谓语动词一般用进行时态。
例如：
Take notes while you are listening to the teacher.
(2)while侧重主句中谓语动词表示的动作或存在的状态与从句谓语动词所表示的动作或存在的状态的对比，常译为“而”。
例如：
He is a worker while I am a student.
(3)not…until,直到……才，主句谓语动词必须是非持续性动词而且主句是否定式，从句为肯定式。
例如：
He did not go to bed until his mother came.
(4)在时间状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来时间。
例如：
Mr smith will telephone you when he returns.
2、原因状语从句：引导原因状语从句的连词有：because/as/since等。
例如：
His sister is in bed because she is ill.
注意：含原因状语从句的复合句，有时可以转换为用so连接的并列句，故because和so不能同时出现在一个句子中。
例如：
He did not come here because he was busy.
He was busy,so he did not come here.
3、地点状语从句：引导地点状语从句的连词有where或wherever.
例如：
Where there is no air or water,noboday can live.
4、条件状语从句：引导条件状语从句的'连词有if/unless等。
(1)在含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句中，主句谓语部分通常含有will/shall或情态动词，从句用一般现在时表示将来时态。
例如：
We will go for a picnic if it dose not rain tomorrow.
(2)if……not常译作“如果不…”，相当于unless,unless含有否定意义，译作“假如不”，“除非”。
例如：
例如：
You will fail if you do not work hard.
You will fail unless you work hard.
(3)用if改写“祈使句+and+简单句”这一句子结构中的祈使句时，要在祈使句前加if you,并去掉并列连词and.
例如：
Study hard,and you will catch up with us.
If you study hard,you will catch up with us.
(4)用if……not改写“祈使句+or+简单句”这一结构中的祈使句时，要变祈使句为否定的条件状语从句，并去掉or.
例如：
Hurry,or you won′t catch the bus.
If you study hard ,you will catch up with us.
5、目的和结构状语从句：引导目的状语从句的连词有so that;引导结果状语从句的连词有so …that…，such…that….
(1)so是副词，修饰形容词或副词。
So +adj/adv+that
例如：the shoes are so small that I can not wear them.
(2)such是形容词，修饰名词。
Such+a/an+adj+n(可数名词单数)+that…
Such+adj+n(不可数名词单数，可数名词复数)+that…
例如：
She is such a lovely girl that we all like her.可改为：she is so lovely a girl that we all like her.
(3)如果名词前是表示多少的many/much/few/little等词时要用so.
例如：
I have so much money that we all like her.
(4)so …that的主从复合句在转换为简单句时，可选用下列四种结构。
Too…to do sth too…for sb to do
…enough to do sth enough for sb to do
例如：
Tom is so young that he can not join the army.
Tom is too young to join the army./tom is not old enough to jion the army.
The milk is so cool that we can drink it.
The milk is cool enough for us to drink.
6、比较状语从句：引导比较状语从句的连词有as…as,than等。
(1)表示甲乙在某一个方面相同时，用as+形容词/副词原级+as结构，表示甲在某一个方面不如乙时，用“not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as”结构。
例如：
John is as clever as tom.
He dose not run as/so fast as you .
(2)表示甲程度高于乙时，用“形容词、副词的比较级+than引导的”从句结构。
He si taller than I .
(3)两个比较对象要对等，即“应是句子中的同等成分进行比较”。
例如：
The weather in south is always hotter than that in north.
7、让步状语从句：引导让步状语从句的连词有though,although等。
例如：
They kept working on the farm though it was raining hard.=it was raining hard,but they kept working on the farm.
注意：though/although不能与并列连词but同时出现在一个句子中。
初中英语知识点总结 3
一、表示时间的介词
时间介词有in , on，at，after，since，during,by,before,after,until等，前三个介词用法有个口诀：at午夜、点与分，上午、下午、晚用in。
年、月、年月、季节、周，之前加上介词in。
将来时态多久后，这些情形亦用in。
日子、日期、年月日，星期之前要用on。
其余几组常见的时间介词辨析如下辨析如下：
1、时间介词in与after的用法辨析
介词in +一段时间用于一般将来时。如：We’ll go to school in two weeks.
介词after +一段时间用于一般过去时。如：My mother came home after half an hour.
介词after +时间点常用于一般将来时。如：We’ll go out for a walk after supper.
2、时间介词for与since的用法辨析
介词for表示一段时间如：I have been living here for 10 years.
介词since表示从过去某一时间以来如：I have been living here since 20xx.
3、时间介词before与by的用法辨析
介词before表示“在…之前”如：He won’t come back before five .
介词by表示“到…时为止，不迟于…”如：The work must be finished by Friday.
4、时间介词during与for的用法辨析
当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during如：He swims every day during the summer.
如果一段时间不明确则用介词for如：I haven’t seen her for years.
5、时间介词till与until用法的异同
till和until用在肯定句中，均可表示“直到…为止”，如：I will wait till（until）seven oclock．
till和until用在否定句中，均可表示“在…以前”或“直到…才”。
如：Tom didnt come back till（until）midnight．
till多用于普通文体，而until则用于多种文体，并且在句子开头时，用until而不用till如：Until he comes back，nothing can be done．
注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every等词之前一律不用介词。
二、表示方位的介词
常用的表示方位的介词用法及辨析如下：
1、方位介词on, over, above的用法辨析
介词on表示一物放在另一物上面，两者紧贴在一起，如：The book is on the table.
介词over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系，即“在…上方”，如：Is there any bridge over the river?
介词above表示一般的“高于…”，“在…之上”，如：There was an electric clock above his bed.
2、方位介词under与below的`用法辨析
介词under是over的反义词即“在…下方”，如：They were seen under the tree.
介词below是above的反义词即“低于…”，“在…之下”，如：They live below us.
3、方位介词across,、through、over,、past的用法辨析
介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”，强调从表面穿过。
如：She went across the street to make some purchases.
介词through着重于“穿越”，强调从一定的空间内穿过。
如：The sunlight was coming in through the window.
介词over多表示从“上方越过”，如：He failed to go over the mountain; he had to go round it.
介词past表示从“面前经过”，如：Someone has just gone past the window.
4、地点介词at与in的用法辨析
介词at表示较小的地方，如家、村、乡村等，如：He lives at a small village.
介词in表示较大的地方，如大城市、国家、洲等，如：He lives in Beijing.
5、表示东南西北的时候，地点介词in、on、to的用法辨析
介词in表示“包含”如：Beijing is in the north of China.
介词on表示“紧邻”如：Canada lies on the north of the U.S.
介词to表示“没接触”如：France lies to the south of England.
三、表示方式、手段、或工具的介词：by,in,on,with.
1、by,in,on,表示交通方式。用by时，交通工具前不用任何词；用in和on时，交通工具前用冠词或形容词性物主代词。例如by car=in a car,by bike=on a bike.
2、表示手段或工具，with后跟具体工具，如I write with a pen;in表示使用某种语言或墨水、颜色等原料，例如：in English.
四、介词的固定搭配
across from在对面
look for寻找
look after照顾
get on with与某人相处
agree with同意（某人）
arrive at(in)到达
ask for询问
begin…with从……开始
believe in相信
break off打断
break out爆发
bring down降低
bring in引进
bring up教育，培养
build up建起
burn down烧光
call back回电话
call for要求约请
call on拜访访问
care for喜欢
carry on继续开展
carry out实行开展
check out查明结帐
come about发生，产生
come out出来
come to共计达到
compare…with与……比较
compare to比作
cut off切断
date from始于
depend on依靠
devote to献于
die out灭亡
divide up分配
dream of梦想
fall off下降
fall over跌倒
feed on以……为食
get down to专心于
get through通过
初中英语知识点总结 4
I.要点
表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。
1、虚拟语气的构成
如：与现在事实相反
If I had more time, I should study German.(fact:I have no more time, so I shall not study German. )
If she were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.(fact:she is very busy, so she will not attend the meeting this afternoon.)
If they didn’t take physical exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy.(fact: they take physical exercises every day, so they are very healthy.)
与过去事实相反：
I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s examination.(fact:I had no more time at yesterday’s exam, so I didn’t check my paper again)
You would have already recovered from his illness if he had seen the doctor in good time.(fact: He didn’t see the doctor in good time ,so he hasn’t recovered from his illness )
与将来事实相反：
If it rains tomorrow, our picnic will be put off.(The weather has been changeable these days.)
If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.( The weather has beenvery good these days.)
If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.(That would be out of our expectation.)
If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. (条件从句谓语动词用were to +动词原形，表示下雨的可能性极小。Were to rain和should rain都表示“出乎意料之外”，但were to加强表示“当初没想到以后的事”)
注：
(1)如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were或had, should, could有时可将if省去,但要倒装。如：
Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.
(2)混合时间条件句的.用法：
有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致。这时动词的形式，应根据它所要表达的具体时间来决定用什么形式。
1) If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be run so fast.(从句叙述过去，主句叙述现在。)
(fact: she has trained very hard, so she would able to run fast.)
2)You would speak English well enough if you had practised reading and speaking it every day.(主句叙述现在，从句叙述过去)
(fact: You didn’t practice (hasn’t practiced ) reading and speaking it every day, so you can’t speak English well enough.)
(3)在其他状语从句中的用法
主要用于由as if (as though)引导的比较状语从句，从句中谓语动词一般用“动词的过去式(be变were )或had +过去分词。”如：
She looked as if she were ill.(实际上她没有病，在这里用虚拟语气补语比喻她精神不佳)
Xiao Liu speaks English so well as if he had studied in England.(这里用虚拟语气表现他的英语说得好)
2、虚拟语气在各种从句的应用
(1)在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等，其谓语形式是"should(可省) +动词原形"，常用于以下三种句型中。
句型一：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that…
句型二：It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that…
句型三：It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that…
如：It is strange that he (should) have done that.
It is a pity that he (should) be so careless.
It is requested that we (should) be so careless.
(2)在宾语从句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等动词后的宾语从句中，表间接的命令和建议。其谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：
I suggest that we (should) go swimming.
(3)在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。从句谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：
His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.
(4)在同位语从句中，谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：
We received order that the work be done at once.
(5)在It is time that…句型中，其谓语动词形式是"动词的过去式"或"should +动词原形",should不可省。如：
Its time (that) we went ( should go) to school.
初中英语知识点总结 5
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，它的作用相当于形容词，被修饰的词叫做先行词。
1、定语从句的位置。
1)定语从句一般地说要放在先行词之后，无论这个词在句中充当何种成分。
The student who answered the question is bill.
2)有时先行词后还有一个作定语的词或词组时，定语从句则应放在上述成分之后。
Do you know anyone in our class whose father is a business man?
2、定语从句的引导词
1)定语从句的引导词是由关系代词或关系副词充当的。
关系代词有who/whom/whose/that，关系副词有when/where/why,它们除了引导从句的作用外，还要在从句中充当一定的成分。关系代词和关系副词的选用要看其在从句中发挥的作用，与主语没有任何关系。
在从句中充当主语的有who/which/that.
在从句中充当宾语的有whom/which/that.
在从句中充当定语的.有whose.
在从句中充当状语的有when/where/why.
当定语从句所修饰的先行词是人时，关系代词要用who(主格)，whom(宾格)，也可以用that,以及whose(所有格)，先行词是物时，关系代词要用which,也可用that.whom/which/that在从句中作宾语时往往可以省略。
例如：
The students who do not study hard will not pass the examination.
Do you know the man(whom)mr green shook hand with?
The letter(which)I received yesterday is from my sister.
Who is the man(that)is reading a magazine over there?
The book(that) you lent me is very ingteresting .
I will never forget the day when I joined the party.
Last year I went to the village where I was born.
This is the reason why she will go to london.
2)在先行词相同的情况下，根据它们在定语从句中所起的语法作用，可用不同的引导词连接不同的定语从句。
例如：
This is the school where I students for six years.(school或student的状语)。
This is the school which he mentioned just now.(school作menttioned的宾语).
初中英语知识点总结 6
简单句的五种基本句型
1.“主语+谓语”(即“主谓”句型)
例：They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning.分析：“they”(主语)“arrived”(谓语)。
2.“主语+谓语+宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型)
例：I study English.分析：“I”(主语)“study”(谓语动作)“English”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。
3.“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型)
例：Our teacher taught us English.分析：“our
teacher”(主语)“教”(谓语动作)“us”(间接宾语)“English”(直接宾语)。
4.“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾宾补”句型)
例：He asked her to go there.分析：“he”(主语)“asked”(谓语动作)“her”(宾语即动作涉及的.对象)“to go
there”(补语—补充说明宾语做什么)。
5.“主语+系动词+表语”(即“主系表”句型)
常用的系动词有be, keep，lie, remain, stand, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn,
look, feel, seem, smell, sound, taste,等。
例：I am a teacher.分析：“I”(主语)“am”(系动词)“a teacher”(表语—即表明主语的身份)。
初中英语知识点总结 7
01、一般现在时
概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.
基本结构：①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
02、一般过去时
概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1988, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
基本结构：①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。
03、现在进行时
概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.
基本结构：am/is/are+doing
否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。
04、过去进行时
概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的'时间状语等。
基本结构：was/were+doing
否定形式：was/were + not + doing.
一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。
05、现在完成时
概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
基本结构：have/has + done
否定形式：have/has + not +d one.
一般疑问句：have或has。
06、过去完成时
概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
基本结构：had + done.
否定形式：had + not + done.
一般疑问句：had放于句首。
07、一般将来时
概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
基本结构：①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.
否定形式：①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。
08、过去将来时
概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
时间状语：
the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
基本结构：①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do.
否定形式：①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.
一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首;②would/should提到句首。
初中英语知识点总结 8
形容词和副词比较级的用法
(1)“甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”。
Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。
This room is three times bigger than that>这个房间比那个大三倍。
(2)“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+副词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”。
I got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。
He runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。
初中英语知识点总结 9
动词不定式：to +动词原形+sth
做主语的时候：
It is good to study English well学习英语好是很好的事情=To study English well is good
做宾语的时候：动词词组：动词+to do sth
I want to do housework我想要做家务
做补语的时候：
I ask you to do homework我叫你去写作业
I believe it good to learn English well我相信学好英语是很好的
I think it good to learn English well我认为学好英语是很好的'
I find it good to learn English well我发现学好英语是很好的
I discover it good to learn English well我发现学好英语是很好
I feel it good to learn English well我感觉学好英语是很好的
I make it good to learn English well我使得学好英语是很好的
初中英语知识点总结 10
一，表示并列关系的连词有：
and,both…and,neither…nor,either…or,not only…but also，as well as
1．and“和，并且”，连接对等的词句。（在否定句中要用or连接。）
I like physics and chemistry.我喜欢物理和化学。
I don’t like physics or chemistry.我不喜欢物理和化学。
2．both…and“……和……都”
Both Jim and Mary went to the cinema yesterday.昨天吉姆和玛丽都去看电影了。
Exercise is good both for body and for mind.运动有益于身心。
3．neither…nor两者皆不
He neither smokes nor drinks.他既不抽烟又不喝酒。
I like neither swimming nor skating.我既不喜欢游泳，又不喜欢溜冰。
4．either…or不是…就是…，或者…或者….。
Either you come to the office now,or wait for me at home.
你要么现在到办公室来，要么就在家等着。
Either he or I will leave.不是他就是我将要离开。
5．not only…but(also)不但……而且……(not only…but also中的also可以省略。)
Not only she but also I am wrong.不但她错了，我也错了。
He not only made a promise,but kept it.他不仅许诺，而且做到了。
6．as well as也、又
We will rescue Henry as well as you.除了你，我们还要营救亨利。
He likes basketball as well as football.除了足球，他还喜欢篮球。
二、常用的从属连词：
（一）引导时间状语从句的连词有：when,while,since,until,after,before,as soon as
1．when当……时
When we got there,the meeting had begun.我们到时，会议已经开始了。
It was raining when she arrived at the station.她到达车站时，正在下雨。588.es
2．while正当……时，正在……时。（while引导的从句中，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，且常常用进行时。
Don’t make any noise while others are reading.别人读书时不要制造噪音。
She sang while she was walking.她边走边唱。
3．since自从
It’s just a month since we arrived here.我们到这儿刚好一月了。
My mother has been ill since I left home.自从我离开家我妈妈就一直生病。
4．until直到……为止
Until you told me,I knew nothing at all about it.在我告诉我之前，我对此之外无所知。
He didn’t appear until the meeting had begun.直到会议开始他才露面。
5．before在……之前
after在……之后
I’ll phone you after I arrive.我到达之后给你打电话。
Say goodbye before you go.你走之前要说再见。
6．as soon as一……就
I’ll visit you as soon as I come back.我一回来就去拜访你。
Please tell him as soon as you see him.你一看见他就请告诉他。
（二）引导原因状语从句的连词：because,since,as,for,now that
1．because因为(because与so不能并用。)
I can’t believe in him because he isn’t honest.我不能信任他，因为他不诚实。
She didn’t come because she didn’t know it.她没有来，因为她不知道。
2．since既然
Since he says so,it must be true.既然他这么说，那一定是真的。
Since you ask,I will tell you.你既然问，我就告诉你。
3．as因为，由于
As we are hungry,let’s have supper.由于大家饿了，我们就吃晚饭吧。
Mother began to worry about my brother as it was getting dark.
由于天越来越黑，妈妈开始为哥哥着急。
4．for因为
We cant go for it is raining.我们不能走，因为正在下雨。
I enjoyed myself at the party for I knew all the guests well.
我在晚会上玩得很尽兴，因为所有的'个人我都很熟悉。
5．now that既然
Now that he is unhappy,let’s leave him alone.既然他不高兴，我们就让他自己呆着吧。
Now that she feels sorry,please forgive her.既然她很后悔，就请原谅她吧。
（三）引导结果状语从句：so…that,such…that
1．so…that如此……以致
She is so tired that he can’t go any further.她太累了，不能再走了。
She is so big a cat that she can’t get into the hole.这猫太大了钻不进这洞。
2．such…that如此……以致
It’s such a beautiful place that I wouldn’t come back.这地方太美了，令我留恋返。
It’s such a fine day that many people go to the park for fun.
天气这么好，许多人都到公园里来玩乐。
（四）引导目的状语从句的连词：so that,in order that以便
They hurried so that they can get there on time.他们加快了速度，为的是能够按时到达。
I hired a boat in order that I can go fishing.为了去钓鱼，我租了条小船。
（五）引导比较状语从句的连词：than,as…as
He is taller than his brother.他比他兄弟高。
She could draw as well as her teacher.她能画得跟她的老师一样好。
（六）引导让步状语从句的连词：though,although（though与although的用法基本一样）
Although it rained hard,he still went out.尽管雨下得很大，他还是出去了。
Even though I have enough time,I don’t want to go there with him.
尽管我有时间，可我并不想跟他去那。
初中英语知识点总结 11
宾语从句
1.宾语从句的含义
在主句中做宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
如：She knew that the teacher had seen the film.她知道这位老师看过这部电影。
“that the teacher had seen the
film”做knew的宾语，同时又是由连接词that引导的`从句，所以它叫做宾语从句。
2.宾语从句的分类
(1)动词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于动词后面的宾语从句。
如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。
(2)介词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于介词后面的宾语从句。
如：I agree with what you said just now.我同意你刚才说的话。
(3)形容词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于形容词后面的宾语从句。
如：I am afraid that I will be late.恐怕我要迟到了。
3.引导名词性从句的连接词
(1)that：没有含义，在宾语从句中不做成分
(2)whether/if：表示是否，在宾语从句中不做成分。
I don t know if /whether he still lives here after so many
years.我不知道这么多年后，他是否还住在这里。
(3)连接代词：what, which, who, whom, whose(在宾语从句中做主、宾、表和定语)
连接副词：where, when, how, why(在宾语从句中做状语)
The small children don t know what is in their
stockings.(what在宾语从句中做主语)这些小孩子不知道什么在他们的长筒袜里。
Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this
morning?(why在宾语从句中做原因状语)你能告诉我为什么你今天早上开会迟到吗?
4.在做宾语从句的题目时应注意两点
(1)时态：
①当主句是现在时态时，宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态。
I don t know when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
②当主句是过去时态时，宾语从句必须是一种过去的时态。
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。
He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。
③当表示客观事实或普遍真理的句子做宾语从句时，任何时候都用一般现在时。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说过地球绕着太阳转。
(2)语序：任何从句都使用陈述句语序，宾语从句当然也不例外。
初中英语知识点总结 12
1，一日三餐前：I have lunch我吃中餐
2，球类，棋类，I play chess我下象棋，Iplayfootball我踢足球
3，星期I go to school on Monday我在星期一去上学
4，月份：Children’s Day is in June儿童节在六月
5，年份He was born in20xx他出生于20xx年
6，节日前：On Teachers’ Day在教师节
7，学科前：I have math class我上数学课
8，语言：I speak English well我说英语很好
初中英语知识点总结 13
如果一个动词加上了ing变成了名词，那么这个词称动名词。 由于动名词是由动词变化而来，它仍保留着动词的某些特征，具有动词的某些变化形式，用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念。动名词的名词特征表现在它可在句子中当名词来用，作主语、宾语、表语、定语。它也可以被副词修饰或者支配宾语。
动名词的作用
1、作主语
1）、 直接位于句首做主语。例如： Swimming is a good sport in summer.
2）、 用 it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。 动名词做主语时，不太常用 it 作先行主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。例如： It is no use telling him not to worry.
3）、动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的.比较：动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较： Smoking is not good for health. It is not good for you to smoke so much.
2、作表语
动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。
Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)
What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)
3、作定语
动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如： a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing 。
4、作宾语
例：We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。
5、有些词后只能接动名词 ，不能跟不定式。 allow;avoid; celebrate; consider; discontinue; dislike; enjoy; escape; excuse; explain; feel like; finish; forgive; can’t help; imagine; keep; it means;mind; miss; practice; prevent;等
6、另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用短语。 spend money/time; think of， give up， put off， insist on， be good at， do well in， cant help， keep on， feel like， be tired （afraid， capable， fond） of， look forward to, be used to, devote oneself to, stick to, respond to, look forward to,
7、 有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可，例如：remember, forget, try, stop, go on, stop,regret,, mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式，但意义截然不容。 例： like doing sth 表经常性动作like to do sth表习惯性动作；
stop doing sth,停止正在做的事情stop to do sth停下来做另外一件事； remember,forget,regret的不定时结构指后于谓语动词的动作，动词的ing形式则先于谓语动词的动作 remember to do/doing： ①I remembered to post the letters.（指未来/过去未来将要做的动作） ②I remembered posting/having posted the letters.（我记得做过这个动作）
try to（努力）与try +–ing（试验）： ①I tried not to go there.（我设法不去那里）
②I tried doing it again.（我试着又干了一次）；go on to do sth继续做某事（不是同一件事）， go on doing sth继续做某事（同一件事）；
常见考法
对于动名词的考查，在单项和词语运用中出现的较多，常常考到一些动名词的固定用法。
典型例题：Do you mind_________ me with my work.?
A.to help B.help C.helping D.helped
解析：本题考查动名词的用法。Mind后跟动名词，表示“介意做某事”，不可以跟不定式。
答案：C
误区提醒
有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可，但意义截然不容，那几个词以及两种句型的不同之处必须牢记在心，因为这是我们经常出错的地方。
典型例题：Dont forget _____ this book to John when you see him.
A. to return B. returning C. return D. to returning
解析：本题考查forget加不定式和动名词的区别。Forget to do表示“忘记曾经做过某事”，事情已经做过； forget doing表示“忘记去做某事”，事情还没做。根据语境“当你见到John 的时候，别忘记把这本书给他”，可知事情还没做，应该用不定式。
答案：A
初中英语知识点总结 14
1. …as soon as…一…就…
Mary一见到她弟弟就会告诉他这个消息。
Mary will tell her brother this message as soon as he sees him.
我们一到那儿就去爬山了。
We went climbing as soon as we arrived / got / reached there.
2. as + adj./adv.+ as… …和…一样(的/地)…
not as(so)…as… …不如/不比… ….
李雷和吉母跑得一样快。
Li Lei runs as fast as Jim.
约翰和你的年龄不一样大。
John is not as (so) old as you.
这部电视剧不如那部有趣。(TV series)
This TV series is not as (so) interesting as that one.
3. as +adj./adv.+ as possible尽可能…的/地…
我们在英语课上应该尽可能地多讲英语。
We should speak English as much as possible in English class.
你能不能尽可能慢一些读这个句子?
Can you read the sentence as slowly as possible?
4. ask sb for sth向某人要求某物
当你迷路时，你可以向警察需求帮助。
When you get lost, you can ask the police for help.
一些学生经常向父母要钱去玩电子游戏。(video games)
Some students often ask their parents for money to play video games.
他向父母要一辆自行车作为生日礼物。
He asked his parents for a bicycle as his birthday present.
5. ask/ tell sb. (how) to do sth询问/告诉某人如何做某事
许多学生经常问老师如何才能学好英语。
Many students often ask their teachers how to learn English well.
让我来告诉你如何发邮件。
Let me tell you how to send an e-mail.
6. ask / tell /want sb (not) to do sth.要求(让)/告诉/想要某人做(不做)某事
护士告诉我服用此药需一日三次，饭后服用。
The nurse told me to take this medicine three times a day after meals.
老师经常告诉我要更加努力地学习。
The teacher often tells me to study harder.
他让我不要再犯同样的错误。
He asked me not to make the same mistake again.
7. make/ let /have sb. (not) do sth使/让某人做(不做)某事
他使得孩子哭得很厉害。
He made the child cry loudly.
昨天他使我在影院门口等了很长时间。
He made me wait for long (for a long time) at the gate of the cinema yesterday.
直到我们做完了作业,妈妈才让我们去玩球。
Mother didn’t let us play football until we finished our homework.
那个老板迫使工人们每天工作10小时。
That boss made the workers work (for) ten hours a day.
8. be afraid of doing / to do/that害怕/不敢做某事
这个小女孩不敢晚上出去。
The little girl is afraid to go out in the evening / at night.
他害怕独自呆在家里。
He is afraid of staying at home alone.
许多人担心他们会失去工作。(be afraid that)
Many people are afraid that they will lose their jobs.
9. be busy with sth. / doing sth.忙于某事/做某事
现在学生们忙于准备考试。
Now students are busy preparing for the exams.
昨天下午妈妈都在忙着做家务。(两种)
Mother was busy with housework yesterday afternoon.
Mother was busy doing housework yesterday afternoon.
10. be famous / late /ready / sorry for sth.
因…而著名/ (做)…迟到了/晚了/为…准备/为…而抱歉
如果你不快点，你就会上班迟到。
If you don’t hurry, you will be late for work.
杭州以丝绸而出名。
Hangzhou is famous for silk.
我们已经准备好迎接奥运会了。
We have been ready for the Olympic Games.
我为我的错误而抱歉。
I am sorry for my mistake.
11. be glad that很高兴…
我很高兴你能来参加晚会。
I am very glad that you can come to the evening party.
老师很高兴我们班得了第一名。
The teacher was very glad that our class was the first / won the first prize.
12. give/ show/ bring/ lend/ send/ pass/ tell / offer sth to sb
buy/give/ show/ send/ pass/ bring/ lend/ tell sb. sth
给某人某物;给某人看某物;给某人带来某物;借给某人某物;送给某人某物;递给某人某物;把某事告诉给某人;主动给某人某物
请递给我一张纸。
Please pass me a piece of paper.
=Please pass a piece of paper to me.
请把你的画给我看看。
Please show me your picture.
=Please show your picture to me
他借给我一辆自行车。
He lent me a bike.
=He lent a bike to me.
别忘了下次来给我带点儿钱。
Don’t forget to bring me some money when you come here next time.
= Don’t forget to bring some money to me when you come here next time.
13. either…or…或…或…,不是…就是…,要么…要么…
不是你，就是他是对的。
Either you or he is right. V.就近原则
每个周末，我们要么去公园，要么呆在家里。
We either go to a park or stay at home every weekend. (at/on weekends.)
要了解世界，人们既可以读报纸，也可以看电视。
People can either read newspapers or watch TV to get to know the world.
14. neither…nor…既不…也不…,两者都不…
我和他都没有读过这本书。
Neither he nor I have ever read this book. V.就近原则
这个女孩已经十岁了，但她既不会读书，也不会写字。
The girl is already ten, but she can neither read nor write.
15. enjoy/ finish/mind/ keep/ practise/go on doing sth.
享受做…之乐;做完某事;介意做某事;一直做某事;练习做某事;继续做…
我们应该经常练习讲英语。
We should often practice speaking English.
我奶奶一直坚持早晨锻炼身体已经有十年了。
My grandma has kept doing exercise in the morning for ten years.
16. find /think / feel + it + adj. (for sb.)to do sth.发现/认为/觉得做某事如何
越来越多的人发现吃太多汉堡包不利于健康。
More and more people have found it unhealthy to eat too many hamburgers.
很多大学生发现在大学中交友很难。
A lot of students have found it very hard to make friends at college.
17. get + adj.的比较级+ and + adj.的比较级变得越来越…
地球变得越来越暖和了。
It gets warmer and warmer on the earth.
春天到了，天气变得越来越热了。
Spring is coming and it’s getting warmer and warmer.
北京变得越来越美丽了。
Beijing is becoming more and more beautiful.
18. The + adj./adv.的比较级，the + adj./adv.的.比较级。越...,就越…。
天气越冷,人们穿得就越多。
The colder it is, the more people wear.
我们种的树越多,空气就会越干净。
The more trees we plant, the cleaner the air will be.
英语，我们练习得越多，说得就越好。
The more we practice speaking English, the better we can speak.
你越强健，患感冒的机会就越少。
The stronger you are, the less chance you will catch a cold.
19. It is +序数词+ adj./adv.的最高级+ n.
黄河是中国第二长的河流。
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
他是我们班跑得第二快的。
He runs the second fastest in our class.
20. one of the +最高级+ n. (pl.)是最…之一者
姚明是世界上最好的篮球运动员之一。
Yao Ming is one of the best basketball players in the world.
三亚是中国最美丽的城市之一。
Sanya is one of the most beautiful cities in China.
初中英语知识点总结 15
51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料) 52 be not sure 表不确定
53 be on a visit to 参观 54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎
55 be quiet 安静 56 be short for 表**的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰
57 be sick in bed 生病在床
58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you
59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you
61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : Hes strict in obeying noles
62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么
65 be sure 表确定 66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well
67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: Im sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的.大脑(老师)
68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: Im suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试
69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语
70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事
72 be the same as … 和什么一样 73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事
eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉
74 be worth doing 值得做什么 75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句
76 because+句子 because of +短语
eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache
77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么
eg : Lets begin the game with the song I begin to go home
78 between…and… 两者之间
79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西
eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen
80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同
81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth
eg : Im sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station
我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了
Hes bothering me to lend him money
82 by the end of 到……为止 83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang
84 care 关心 eg : Dont you care about this countrys future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来
85 catch up with sb 赶上某人 86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地
87 come in 进88 come over to 过来
89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗?
90 communicate with sb 和某人交流
91 consider + doing 考虑做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州?
92 dance to 随着……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞
93 decide to do sth 决定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查 95 do better in 在……方面做得更好
96 do wrong 做错 97 Dont forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Dont mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要介意……
99 each +名(单)每一个…eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书
100 end up +doing
101 enjoy +doing喜欢
102 escape from 从……逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来
103 expect to do sth 期待做某事
104 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来
105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么
初中英语知识点总结 16
一、陈述句
陈述句是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法的，陈述句分为肯定句和否定句。陈述句句末用句号，朗读时用降调。
1、肯定句的基本结构为：主+谓 He went to London to pass his holiday.
2、否定句的表达方式
（1）主语+be+not+表语 He is not a teacher.
（2）主语+助动词/情态动词+not+谓语动词+其他 I dont think you are right.
He hasnt yet paid the money. （他尚未付钱。）
（3）使用“not”以外的否定词：
（a）副词：never, seldom, hardly, little, neither等 。She seldom comes to see me. （她不常来看我。）
（b）形容词：no, few, little等 He has few friends in Hong Kong. （他在香港几乎没有朋友。）
（c）代词：nothing, nobody, none等。 I found nobody about computer. （在那栋房子里我没看到任何人。）
二、疑问句
疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题，询问情况。分为一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句。
1、一般疑问句通常用来询问一件事情是否属实。答句通常是"yes或no"。
句型一：Be +主语+ …? Are these books on the desk? 这些书在桌子上吗？
句型二：Do / Does / Did + 主语 +谓语+…? Do you like English? 你喜欢英语吗？
句型三：情态动词 + 主语 + 谓语 +…?
Must I finish my homework now? 我必须现在完成我的家庭作业吗？
句型四：Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词+…?
Have you heard from him? 你收到他的来信吗？
另外，还有以be动词、助动词或情态动词的否定缩写形式开头的一般疑问句，这种句子一般表示请求、惊讶和对事物的看法等,回答时所用的yes和no表达的意思和汉语的习惯不同。例如; --Isnt he tall?难道他不高吗？
-- Yes,he is.不，他很高。
2、特殊疑问句以疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的.句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有：what 、who 、whose 、which、 when、 where、 how 、why等。例如：
who is singing in the room？
what class are you in﹖
3、选择疑问句提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择。选择疑问句的两种或两种以上的情况用or 连接，不能用yes或no回答，而是就其选择内容直接回答。这类疑问句有两种形式：
一种是：一般疑问句+or+被选择部分？， 这一类选择疑问句通常都是在前一个供选择的答案用低升调，后一个用降调；如果有两个以上供选择的答案，则在最后一个用降调，其余都用低升调。例如： Would you like a gin，or a whisky，or a `beer？ 你是要喝杜松子酒，还是威士忌酒，还是啤酒？
另一种是：特殊疑问句+被选择部分（A)+or+被选择部分（B）？，也是在语调上有所区别。例如： Which vase shall I use, the short one or the tall one ?
4、反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定，而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。其结构为：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简单的问句。完成后一部分简单问句时，要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问，前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分一般用否定式；反之，前一部分为否定式，后一部分要用肯定式，即“前肯定后否定，前否定后肯定”。 例如：They work hard, don’t they?
She was ill yesterday, wasn’t she?
They havent been in beijing for three years,have they?
.反义疑问句的回答用yes， no， 但是，当陈述部分是否定形式时，回答要按事实。如：
They don’t work hard, do they? 他们不太努力工作，是吗？
Yes, they do. 不，他们工作努力。/No, they don’t. 对， 他们工作不努力。
注意：
1）当陈述句的主语是everyone, everybody, someone, somebody时，简短问句中的主语通常用they。如果陈述句的主语是非人称的复合词，如everything, something, anything, 则简短问句中相应的人称代词是单数的中性词it。后面的疑问句应表示为：
I am a student, aren’t I
Everyone is in the classroom, aren’t they?
Everything begins to grow in spring, doesn’t it?
Nobody will go, will they?
2）当陈述部分是I think/believe/ expect/ suppose/imagine 加从句时，疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持一致。 I think chickens can swim, can’t they?
3）当陈述部分是祈使句时，一般情况下用will you 或 wont you。
Give me a hand,will you?
4）以Lets开头的祈使句，疑问句必须用shall we;只有以Let usLet me开头的祈使句，问句才用will you。
5）There be 句型中，反义疑问部分必须为be 动词 + there.
6）当陈述部分有never，seldom, hardly，few，little，barely, nothing 等否定词时，后面的疑问句则必须用肯定式。
常见考法
对于陈述句和疑问句的考查，常会以单选，完形填空或句子填空的形式出现。考查知识点往往集中在反意疑问句的构成与回答、选择疑问句或陈述句与疑问句的转换方面。
典型例题：I dont think he is bright, ?
A is he B isnt he C do I D dont I
解析：本题考查反意疑问句的构成。当陈述部分是I think 加从句时，疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持一致。所以排除C和D；主句部分dont表明是否定句，所以后面应用肯定形式。
答案：A
误区提醒
对于反意疑问句的回答，一定要根据事实来回答，尤其是“前否定，后肯定”的反意疑问句的回答，更是我们容易出错的地方，一定要注意哦！
典型例题：——Youve never seen dinosaur eggs, have you?
——_________. How I wish to visit the Dinosaur World.
A Yes, I have B No, I havent C No, I have D Yes, I havent
解析：本题考查反意疑问句的回答。根据答语“我多么希望去参观恐龙世界”可知他没去过恐龙世界，没见过恐龙蛋，根据“Yes+肯定事实”和“No+否定事实”的原则，可以得出答案。
答案：B
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