否定结构:
现在分词的否定式由“not+现在分词”构成。如:
Not knowing where to go, she went to the police for help.
她不知道该往哪儿走,就去请警察帮助。(现在分词一般式的否定结构)
Not seeing John, I asked where he was.
我看不见约翰,于是问他在何处。(现在分词一般式的否定结构)
Not being seen by anyone, the thief escaped.
那个贼趁无人看见时逃跑了。(现在分词被动式的否定结构)
Not having done it right,I tried again.
我由于没有做对,所以又试了试。(现在分词完成式的否定结构)
一般式:
(1) 现在分词的一般式通常表示其动作与谓语动词的`动作同时发生。如:
She sat there reading a novel.
她坐在那里看小说。
A little child learning to walk often falls.
学走路的小孩常常跌跤。
(2) 现在分词的一般式所表示的动作有时在谓语动词的动作之前发生。如:
Going into the room,he shut the door.
走进房间,他就关上了门。
完成式:
现在分词的完成式表示其动作在谓语动词的动作之前完成。
Having finished her homework, the little girl began to watch TV.
做完作业后,这个小女孩开始看电视。
Having lived in Beijing for many years, Carter knew the city well.
因为在北京住了多年,卡特对这个城市很熟悉。