Unit 17
1 guidance n. 指导，指引
He did the work with his teacher's guidance. 他在老师的指导下做了这件工作。
under sb.'s guidance 在某人指导下
traffic guidance 交通管理
【习惯用语】
take sb. under one's guidance 置某人于自己的庇护之下
2 gift n.
天赋;才能[C][(+for)]
He is a man of gifts.他是个多才多艺的人。
The boy has a gift for music.这男孩有音乐天赋。
礼品[C]
She has got lots of birthday gifts.她得到了许多生日礼物。
【英】【口】极便宜的东西;极容易做的事[S]
At five dollars, it is a gift!只卖五美元,那真是便宜。
vt.赋予[(+with)]
He was gifted with a good voice.他天生一个好嗓子。
【习惯用语】
have a gift for 对...有天赋
in sb.'s gift 有赠与权; 为某人所赠与; 由某人安排处理
in the gift of sb. 有赠与权; 为某人所赠与; 由某人安排处理
3 assist vt.帮助,协助[(+with/in)][O]
We asked him to assist us in designing a new bridge.
我们请他帮助我们设计一座新桥
assist sb. to his feet 搀扶某人站起来
vi.帮助,协助[(+with/in)]
He assisted in designing the new bridge.他协助设计那条新桥。
习惯用语】
assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人[做某事]
assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人[做某事]
assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人[做某事]
用法归纳
*assist有如下用法：（1）＋宾语；（2）＋宾语＋介词＋（代）名词；（3）＋宾语＋副词（短语）；（4）＋宾语＋to do。
特别提示用作不及物动词时常与介词in和with搭配。
4 sympathy n.
同情,同情心[U][(+for/with)]
I have no sympathy for beggars.我不同情乞丐。
一致,同感;赞同[U][(+with)]
Many people are in sympathy with your views.许多人赞同你的看法。
I have no sympathy with your silly ideas.我不赞成你那愚蠢的主意。
怜悯，慰问
a letter of sympathy 慰问信
【习惯用语】
express sympathy for (对...表示)慰问
feel sympathy for (=have sympathy for) 同情
in sympathy with 同情; 赞成; 和...一致
out of sympathy with 对...不同情; 不赞成; 对...没有同感, 和...不一致
win sympathy of 博得...的同情
5 adjust vt.
调节;改变...以适应[(+to)]
She must learn to adjust herself to English life.她必须学会适应英国的生活。
校正;校准;调整
I must adjust my watch, it's fast.我的表快了,我得把它校准。
adjust the errors 校正误差
vi.调整;校准；适应[(+to)]
Astronauts in flight must adjust to weightlessness.宇航员在飞行中得适应失重状态。
【习惯用语】
adjust to... 使自己适应于
adjust oneself to... 使自己适应于
6 victory n.
胜利;战胜;成功[C][U][(+in/over)]
The basketball team had a string of victories last season.这个篮球队在上一个赛季中赢得了一连串的胜利。
a major victory 大捷
narrow victory 很勉强的胜利, 险胜
【习惯用语】
gain [have, obtain, win] a (the) victory over 战胜...; 击败...
【参考词汇】
victory conquest 都含“取胜”、“胜利”的意思。
victory 指“在战争、竞赛、斗争中获胜”, 并有“击败对方或敌人”的含义, 如:
They won a victory in battle. 他们在战斗中获胜。
conquest 指“征服某国或某民族, 从而使之处于被支配地位的胜利或战胜”, 如:
They succeeded in the conquest of that city. 他们夺取了那城市。
7 sense
8 participate vi.
. 参加,参与[(+in)]
No professionals participated in the contest.没有职业选手参加这一比赛。
Everyone can participate in this game.每个人都能参加这游戏。
分享,分担[(+in/with)]
participate in profits 分享利润
含有,带有[(+of)]
His poems participate of the nature of satire.他的诗带有讽刺性。
9 role n.[C]角色
She played the leading role in the school play.她在学校的戏里扮演主角。
the leading role 主角
作用,任务
He denied any role in the robbery.他否认曾参与这起抢劫案。
【习惯用语】
fill the role of 担负...的任务
play an important role in 在...中起重要作用
play the leading role 起主要作用, 起带头作用
play the role of(sb.) (在剧中)扮演(某人)角色
10 impair vt.削弱;减少
Fatigue impaired their judgment.疲劳削弱了他们的判断力。
损害,损伤
Poor food impaired her health.粗劣的食物损害了她的健康。
adj. impaired 受损的；变差的
TV reception may be impaired in some areas.某些地区电视的接收效果可能会受到影响。
Unit 18
1 reject vt. 拒绝；不接受
He rejected their invitation point-blank. 他直截了当地拒绝了他们 的邀请。
We rejected his idea for a music club, and decided to have an art club instead.
我们没有采纳他关于成立音乐俱乐部的想法，而是决定成立艺术俱乐部。
丢弃
驳回;否决
The prisoner's plea for pardon was rejected.该犯的赦免请求被驳回了。
reject an offer of help 拒绝别人提供的帮助
reject an appeal 驳回上诉
a rejected suitor 未被接受的求婚者
2 possibility
n.可能性[U][(+of)][+that]
There is a good possibility of rain tonight.今晚很可能要下雨。
可能的事,可能发生的事[C]
Life on other planets is a possibility.其他行星上有生命是可能的。
发展前途,潜在价值c
He is a man of possibilities.他是一个有发展前途的人。
be within [out of] the range of possibility ... 是可能[不可能]的
by any possibility 万一, 也许
by some possibility 或许
What are the -ties? 有哪些可能发生的情况?
Is it a possibility that you will work abroad? 你有可能去国外工作吗？
There is no possibility of his coming. 他不可能来。
3 otherwise ad.
用别的方法;不同样地
We'll get there somehow, by boat or otherwise.我们总要设法去那里的,乘船也好,用其他办法也好。
We were going to play football, but it was so hot that we decided to do otherwise.
我们原打算踢足球，可是天很热，我们就决定干别的了。
在其他方面;除此以外
The rent is a bit high, but otherwise the house is satisfactory.这所房子租金贵了点,但在其他方面倒是令人满意的。
否则,不然
I'm not feeling very well today -- otherwise I would do it myself.
今天我身体不太舒服,否则这事我就亲自去做了。
【习惯用语】
and otherwise 等等, 及其他
but otherwise 然而在别的方面却
or otherwise 或相反
otherwise from 不同于
otherwise than 与...不同的; 除...之外
4 attempt vt.
试图;企图;试图做[+to-v][+v-ing]
They attempted to finish the task before July.他们试图在七月以前完成这项任务。
试图攻占
They attempted the life of the dictator.他们试图杀死这个独裁者。
n.[C]企图,尝试[(+at/on)][+to-v]
He made an attempt on the world record.他试图打破世界纪录。
Her attempt at poetry was a failure.她尝试写诗失败了。
Zhang Jian made an attempt to swim across the English Channel.
张健试图游过英吉利海峡。
They decreased their production in an attempt to push the prices.
他们减少生产量，以试图抬高价格。
攻击[(+on)]
Several attempts have been made on the president's life.已经有人三番五次试图谋杀总统。
【习惯用语】
make an attempt at 打算; 试图
make an attempt at to do 打算; 试图
make an attempt on 试图夺取
make an attempt on sb.'s life 试图杀害某人
in an attempt to 力图, 试图
用法归纳
*attempt 可用作名词和及物动词，意为：努力、尝试、企图、未遂行为； 尝试；试图；试图征服（危险的山、海等）。
特别提示
attempt 用作及物动词表示“试图；企图”时，常含结果失败之意。
5 allow for考虑[(+for)]
In working with this cloth, be sure to allow for shrinking.用这种布缝衣,务必考虑到洗后会缩水。
Allowing for inflation, the cost of the project is $2 million.考虑到通货膨胀的因素，这个项目的费用为200万美元。
注：allow vt. 允许,准许[O][+v-ing]
Swimming is not allowed at this beach.这片海滩禁止游泳。
She allowed us to smoke.她允许我们抽烟。
准...进;准...出[O]
He doesn't allow cats in the room.他不允许猫进入房内。
【书】承认[+that]
He allowed that they were right.他承认他们是对的。
vi.容许[(+of)]
The situation allows of no delay.情况不容许有任何延误。
相关归纳
considering（介词）考虑到；鉴于
Considering the strength of the opposition,we did very well to score two goals.
考虑到对方实力强大，我们进了两个球就很不错了。
John did quite well considering how little he studied.考虑到约翰才学了那么一点点，他考得已算很不错了。
特别提示 allow for 为动词词组，而considering词性为介词。
6 be aware of
I’m well（quite）aware of the risk.我深知那项风险。
She was/became aware of the danger.她（终于）觉察到危险。
He was aware that he had drunk too much.他晓得他喝了太多（酒）。
Few of them were aware（of）what a hypocrite he really was.
他们之中很少人知道他实际上是个什么样的伪君子。
Are you aware（of）how much this means to me?你晓得这对我有多大意义吗？
特别提示
作介词“of”宾语的可数名词、that从句及wh-从句，在接从句时，of常可省略。
【参考词汇】
aware conscious sensible 都含有“意识到的”意思。
aware 侧重“感官所意识到的外界事物”, 如:
Everybody is aware of the importance of the Four Modernizations.
每个人都意识到了四化的重要性。
conscious 侧重“心理感知”, 如:
He is conscious of a sense of quilt. 他感到内疚。
sensible 指“可用感官察觉到的(较复杂或抽象的事物的)”, 如:
I was sensible of her solemn grief. 我知道她很悲哀。
7 more than “与其说……倒不如……；不只是”的表示法
教材原句
They need recognition, more than sympathy and help.
与其说他们需要同情与帮助，倒不如说他们需要承认。
补充例句
（1）It’s her manner I dislike, more than what she actually says.
我讨厌的倒不是她实际上说些什么，而是她的态度。
（2）She cares far more for her dogs than she does for me.
她关心狗远远胜过关心我。
（3）Chinese is more than a language.中文不仅仅是一种语言。
*rather than也表此意
（1）He is a politician rather than a statesman.说他是政治家，不如说他是政客。
（2）It is hot rather than warm.与其说天气暖和，不如说是热。
（3）I would prefer to stay home rather than go out.
我宁愿留在家里也不愿出去。
Unit 19
1 argue vi.争论,辩论;争吵[(+with/over/about)]
I'm not going to argue with you tonight.我今晚不想与你争辩。
提出理由[(+for/against)]
He argued against the plan.他据理反对这个计划。
Vt .辩论;议论
We argued the matter over for hours.我们为这事辩论了几小时。
主张,认为[+that]
Columbus argued that the world was round.哥伦布认为地球是圆形的。
说服[(+into/out of)]
We argued her out of going on such a dangerous journey.我们说服她不要去作这样危险的旅行。
【习惯用语】
argue about \on\ over辩论[争论]某事
argue against 反驳 ;显示出与...相反的结论, 证明...是站不住脚的
argue down 驳倒某人
argue sb. down 驳倒某人
argue for 赞成; 为...而力争
argue sb. into 说服某人(做某事或接受某种意见)
argue sb. out of 说服某人不做某事, 打消某种念头
2 desire vt. 渴望;要求[+to-v][+that][O]
He desired us to leave soon.他希望我们尽快离开。
She desired to marry a rich man.她很想嫁个富翁。
People desire peace.人们渴望和平。
She desires that you (should) see her at once. 她要你立即见她。
n.欲望,渴望[C][U][(+for)]
I have no desire to discuss the question.我不想讨论这个问题。
. 渴望的东西;渴望的人
He brought me my heart's desire.他给我带来了我心里渴望的东西。
【习惯用语】
at sb.'s desire 应某人的要求
by desire 应邀
have a strong desire to do sth. 迫切想做某事
satisfy one’s desire 满足某人的愿望
【参考词汇】
desire wish want 都含“需要或希望得到”的意思。
desire属正式用语, 可代替wish 和want, 强调“主观愿望的热切性”, 含有“强烈希望做某事”的意思, 如:
He got the book he desired. 他得到了他渴望得到的那本书。
wish语气比desire弱, 一般用于“难以实现或不可能实现的愿望”, 强调“主语的主观愿望”, 指“希望”、“愿”、“想”, 如:
I wish I could have a new car.
我多么希望有一辆新车(我要是有一辆新车就好了)。
want 多用于口语式普通场合, 指“想”、“要”或“需要”, 表示“较弱的偏爱、选择”或“强烈的需要、热爱”, 如:
I want a book. 我要一本书。
3 envy n.妒忌;羡慕[U][(+at/of/towards)]
She said it out of envy.她出于嫉妒说了这话。
Feel envy at…对…感到嫉妒
妒忌的对象;羡慕的目标[(+of)]
His talent is the envy of his colleagues.他的同事都羡慕他的才能。
vt.妒忌;羡慕[O]
I envy you your good luck.我羡慕你的好运。
【习惯用语】
green with envy 妒忌得面色发青, 非常妒忌
lost in envy 非常嫉妒
4 swear vi.发誓;宣誓
They refused to swear on a Bible.他们拒绝手按《圣经》发誓。
诅咒;骂脏话[(+at)]
What is the woman swearing at?那女人在咒骂什么?
vt.发(誓);宣(誓)
Before giving evidence you have to swear an oath.在作证之前你得先发誓。
发誓要;起誓保证[+to-v][+(that)]
The witness swore to tell the truth.证人起誓保证讲真话。
【口】断言;保证说[+(that)]
He swore that he had never talked with the girl.他发誓说,他从未与那个姑娘说过话。
使宣誓[(+to)]
You must swear him to silence.你一定要他发誓保持沉默。
使宣誓就任[(+in)]
The new president will be sworn in January.
新总统将在一月份宣誓就职。
【习惯用语】
be sworn in (to office) 宣誓就职
swear against 指控(某人)并起誓所控属实
swear at 咒骂; [俚](颜色)和...完全不调和
swear by 以(...名义)起誓, 以(人格)担保; [口]非常信赖; 肯定, 确定
swear sb. to sth. 使某人发誓做某事
swear to sth. 保证某事; 肯定某事
5 declare vt.宣布,宣告;声明[O][+(that)]
The new Congress declared a state of war with Germany.新的国会向德国宣战了。
宣称;断言[+(that)]
The accused man declared himself innocent.被告声称他是无罪的。
She declared that she didn't want to see him again.她宣称再也不愿见他了。
She declared herself（to be）innocent.她声称自己是清白的。
申报(纳税品等)I have nothing to declare.我没什么要申报的。
vi.声明,表示[(+for/against)]
We declared for their proposal.我们声明赞成他们的建议。
Declare… off取消
declare war on/against...对……宣战
Terrorists declared war on the United States,and war is what they got.
（布什总统高论）恐怖分子向美国宣战，而他们得到的就是战争。
用法归纳
declare用作及物动词和不及物动词。含义为：宣布，宣告，声称。用作及物动词时的主要用法为：＋名词/从句/复合宾语。
6 .immediately
adv. We must act immediately.我们必须立即行动。
conj. You may leave immediately he comes.他一来你就可以离开了。
用法归纳
immediately可用作副词和连词。主要有两个义项：立即、马上（=at once,without delay）;一……就……（=as soon as）。
特别提示
immediately用作连词时后接从句，另外，表示“一……就……”的句型还有：
the moment/the minute/the instant+ 从句
directly/instantly+ 从句 as soon as+ 从句
on/upon+n./v.-ing No sooner had+ 主语＋过去分词＋than-从句
Hardly had+ 主语＋过去分词＋when-从句
7 order
n. 次序, 顺序, 正常(工作)状态, 秩序, 命令, 定购
vt. 命令, 定购, 定制
keep order 维持秩序
give orders 下命令
take orders 接受命令
n.顺序,次序[U] ;状况;良好的状况[U]
The names are in alphabetical order.名字按字母顺序排列。
Things were in terrible order.情况一团糟。
The young teacher can't keep order in her classroom.那位年轻教师无法维持课堂秩序。
命令,指示[+to-v][+(that)]
He gave orders that the job be done in three days.他指示三天内完成这项工作。
订购;订货[C][(+for)]
The company received a large order for computers.这家公司接到一份要求大量供应电脑的订单。
【习惯用语】
in good order 有条不紊, 整齐; 情况正常
in order 按照顺序; 挨次 ;整齐; 整洁
in order that ... 为了..., 目的在于...
in order to 为了(做某事), 以便(做某事)
keep in order 使遵守秩序; 维持秩序
on order 定购中(发货而尚未交货)
out of order 次序紊乱 ;(机器等)失灵; 出故障
under the orders of 受...的指挥, 在...指挥下
用法归纳
order 可用作名词和动词，主要义项有：命令，订购，订做，点菜；次序，顺序。用作动词时主要用法为：＋名词/ sb.to do sth./sth.to be done/sb.+adv./sb.+斜.prep.斜./that从句
特别提示 order后that从句中的谓语动词形式为“（should）+动词原形”。类似的词还有：demand,desire,insist,propose,request,require,suggest等。
8 mercy
n. -cies 宽大；宽恕 ;仁慈；慈悲
show mercy to sb. 对某人起了怜悯之心
幸运
It's a mercy that the explosion happened after the theatre.
"爆炸发生在散戏以后,真是不幸中之大幸。"
【习惯用语】
at the mercy of 任…处置；无能为力
beg for mercy 乞求宽大, 讨饶, 乞怜
for mercy(=for mercy's sake) 请大发慈悲, 请可怜可怜
have mercy on [upon] 对...有怜悯心
have sb. at one's mercy 使某人任凭自己摆布
in one's mercy 出于恻隐之心
It is a mercy. 真幸运。
M-on me! 哎呀! 我的天哪!
show mercy to sb. 对某人表示宽大[仁慈]
take sb. to mercy 饶某人的命, 免某人一死
take mercy on 对...表示怜悯
without mercy 残忍地, 毫不留情地
9倍数表达法
教材原句
If you offered me six times what you have just offered,I would still take my pound of flesh.
即使你愿意给我六倍于你刚才提出的钱数，我也要得到我应得的一磅肉。
特别提示 英语中表示倍数的句式有：
倍数+as+形容词（副词）原级+as
倍数+形容词（副词）比较级+than
倍数+the+名词（size, weight, height, depth, length, width等）+of...
形容词的比较级+than...+by+倍数
倍数＋what从句
用times表示倍数时，一般是限于表示三倍或三倍以上的数，表示两倍用twice或double,一倍则用once。
补充例句
（1）This square is three times as big as that one.=This square is twice bigger than that one.=This square is three times the size of that one.=This square is bigger than that one by twice.这个方块是那个的三倍大（大两倍）。
（2）He offered me six times what you have just offered.他愿意给我六倍于你所提供的钱。
（3）Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。
（4）The tower is twice the height of the building.这塔是那栋楼房的两倍高。
（5）The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球的体积是月球的49倍。
10 so+adj.+ a/an+n.句型
教材原句 He is young,but I never knew so young a body with so wise a head.
他很年轻但是我过去从来不知道有这么年轻又如此聪明的人。
如果形容词前有as,so,too,how时，a/an就放在形容词之后，其结构是：as/too/so/how+ adj. +a/an + n.。
11 .flesh, meat
flesh通常指人或动物身上的肉或果肉。
meat供食用的兽类的肉（区别于鱼或禽类的肉）。
注意：猪肉pork;牛肉beef;羊肉mutton;鹿肉venison;马肉horse meat;鸡肉chicken;鸭肉duck;鹅肉goose等。
12 .offer up 贡献
She offered up a prayer to God for her husband’s safe return.她向上帝祷告，保佑她丈夫平安回来。
offer up a sacrifice作出牺牲；献祭
相关归纳
（1）offer sb.sth.=offer sth.to sb.给某人提供某物
He offered me his seat.他主动让座给我。
（2）offer to do sth.主动干某事
The boys offered to help the old woman.孩子们要帮助那位老妇人。
（3）offer some money for sth.出价多少买某物
We offered 1 000 dollars for the computer.我们出价1 000美圆买这台电脑。
（4）offer sth.for some money出价多少卖某物
I offered him the house for thirty thousand yuan.我以三万元的价格卖给他这所房子。
（5）offer/give sb.a lift让某人搭便车；帮助
He gave me a lift by lending me 100 dollars.他借给我100美圆来帮助我。
unit 20
1 curiosity
n. 好奇心[U][(+about)][+to-v]
We burned with curiosity over what was in the box.我们急切地想知道箱子里是什么东西。
He is full of curiosity. 他充满了好奇心。
奇品;珍品,古玩[C]
The old wooden skis are a curiosity.那副木制旧滑雪板是珍奇之物。
【习惯用语】
from curiosity (=out of curiosity) 在好奇心驱使下
set sb.'s curiosity 引起某人的好奇心
satisfy one’s curiosity满足…的好奇心
curious 稀奇的, 奇异的;好奇的
【习惯用语】
be curious about sth. 对(某事物)感到好奇
be curious to (do) 很想(做); 渴望(做)
2 .decorate v. 装饰,修饰[(+with)]
We decorated the Christmas tree with glass balls.我们用玻璃球装饰圣诞树。
授勋(章)给[(+for)]
The general was decorated for winning the battle.将军因赢得这一战役而被授勋。
特别提示
decorate不接双宾语，而采用decorate...with sth.结构。
[误]Some pictures of pop stars were decorated on the wall.
[正]The wall was decorated with some pictures of pop stars.
decoration装饰,装潢[U]; 装饰物,装饰品[C]
They are putting up decorations for the festival.他们在为节日布置装饰品。
勋章;奖章[C] award a decoration授予勋章
3【常用词组】
die away 逐渐停止，逐渐消失
The noise of the motorcar died away. 摩托车的噪声消失了。
die down 逐渐减弱，逐渐模糊
"After the excitement of the audience died down, the speaker restarted his speech."
"等听众激动的情绪平息后,演讲人又重新开始演讲。"
die off 相继死去
"As the window was still middle-aged, her relatives all died off."
"这个寡妇还在中年时,她的亲属就先后离开了人世。"
die out 灭绝
4 serve
vt. 为...服务;为...服役
Children must be educated to serve their country when they grow up.
必须教育孩子长大后为国家服务。
供应[(+with)] a pipeline serving the house with water 给房子供水的水管
侍候(顾客等);供应(饭菜);端上[(+to/with)]
She served me a cup of coffee.她给我端上一杯咖啡。
任(职);服(刑);当(学徒)[(+as/for/in)]
He served eight years in prison.他坐过八年牢。
适合(特定用途或目的);对...有用;供...使用[+to-v]
My old car has served me well.我那辆旧汽车对我很有用。
vi.服务;服役;供职;帮佣[(+in/on/under)]
My father served in the navy during the Second World War.
我父亲在第二次世界大战期间在海军服役。
招待,侍候;上酒,端菜
Pearl is serving at the table.珀尔在侍候进餐。
适用;有用;足够[(+for/as)][+to-v]
A simple example will serve to illustrate the point.一个简单的例子可以说明这一点。
This box will serve for a seat. 这箱子可当作座椅。
This platform would serve as a port and a railway station. 这个平台将用作港口和火车站。
【习惯用语】
serve as [for] 作为...用; 担任; 起...作用
serve on 担任...的职; 成为...中的一员
serve out 发给, 分配 ;做到期满, 学到期满
serve sb. out 使自食其果, 给予报复, 使吃苦头
serve up 端出(饭菜等); 提出, 提供
serve with 向... 提供; 把(传票)交给
5 spare vt.
分出,腾出(时间,人手);分让(多余的东西)[(+for)]
Can you spare me a few minutes?你能为我挪出几分钟时间吗?
(常用于否定句或疑问句)节约,省用;吝惜
He spared no expense in building a villa for himself.他不惜工本为自己造了一幢别墅。
spare no efforts [pains] 不遗余力
spare no expense 不惜工本 =spare sb. his life)饶某人一命
使免遭;免去;解除
I want to spare him the trouble of seeing me off at the airport.
我不想麻烦他去机场为我送行。
饶恕,赦免;不伤害
They took his money but spared his life.他们拿走了他的钱但饶了他一命。
a.多余的,剩下的;空闲的
He has nothing to do in his spare time.他休闲时间无事可做。
备用的
Every car should carry a spare tire.每辆车子应带一个备用轮胎。
节约的;少量的;贫乏的[(+of)]
He is spare of speech.他很少说话。
n.[C]备用品;备用轮胎
This tire is damaged. Do you have a spare?这个轮胎坏了,你有备用轮胎吗?
【习惯用语】
to spare 剩余；多余
6 cover vt. 遮盖;覆盖[(+with)]
Mary covered her face with her hands.玛丽用双手捂住脸。
The highway was covered with snow.公路被雪覆盖着。
掩饰;隐匿
She laughed to cover her anxiety.她试图以笑来掩饰她的焦虑。
Lies cannot cover up facts. 谎言掩盖不住事实。
包含;适用于
These regulations cover such cases.这些规定适用于这类情况。
His reading covers a wide range of subjects.他阅读的书籍涉及多种学科。
. (不用被动态)行过(路程)
We covered about 30 miles a day.我们每天大约走三十英里。
采访,报导
Jack covered the Gulf War for CNN then.杰克当时替美国有线新闻电视网报导海湾战争。
(钱)足够付;负担支付
Is the money sufficient to cover the tuition?这笔钱付学费够吗?
These expenses are covered by the state. 这些费用都由国家负担。
占（时间或空间）
The town covers 5 square miles. 小镇占地5平方英里。
为...进行保险; 抵偿;使免受损失[(+against)]
Are the goods covered against fire damage?这批货物保了火险吗?
7 .date back to, date from
The Great Wall dates back to the Spring and Autumn Period.长城始建于春秋时代。
In China,the needle treatment dates from ancient times.在中国，针灸疗法起源于古代。
特别提示
date back to 也可写作date from,后常接过去时间，动词date用一般现在时，而且不用被动语态。
相关归纳
（1）bring...up to date 使……赶上时代；使……成为最新之物；给予（某人有关……的）最新消息/资料（on,about）
All the equipment has to be brought up to date.所有装备必须予以更新。
Please bring me up to date on the fuel requirement.请将最新燃料需求的资料提供给我。
（2）out of date过时的，旧式的
This encyclopedia has gone out of date.这部百科全书已过时了。
（3）up to date迄今，直到现在；最新的，现代的
Our computer is up to date.我们的电脑是最新式的。
（4）without date没有日期的；（美）无期限的
a letter without date一封没有日期的信
8 lie, lay
原 形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 词 义 用 法 搭 配
lie lied lied lying 说谎 vi./n. 说谎
lie lay lain lying 躺，位于 vi. 在于
lay laid laid laying 放置，下（蛋） vt. 放下，放弃
Success lies in hard work.成功在于勤奋。
Lies have short legs.谎言总是站不住脚的。
Lu Xun laid down medicine and took up writing.鲁迅弃医从文。
Many people laid down their lives for our country.许多人为祖国献出了生命。
She laid herself down.=She lay down. 她躺下了
Lie vi.(人、动物)躺,卧;(东西)被平放
His hat and gloves were lying on the table.他的帽子和手套都放在桌上。
He lay down for a rest.他躺下休息一会。
呈...状态,置于[L]
The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake.地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟。
I have lain awake all night thinking of them.我心里想着他们,彻夜未眠。
(事情)在于
The remedy lies in education.补救的办法在于教育。
位于Japan lies to the east of China.日本在中国的东面。
9 certain, sure 确信，有把握
相同点：① 都可接about/of,意思是“确信，对……有把握”，只能用人作主语。
Are you sure/certain of that?你对那件事有把握吗？
②都可接不定式，意思是“一定会……”，人或物均可作主语。
He is certain/sure to succeed.他一定会成功。
The project is sure/certain to be a success.这个计划一定会成功。
③后面跟连接词（疑问词，连词whether）+不定式结构，意思是“确定……”，只能用人作主语。
I’m not sure/certain what to do.我不知道怎么办。
④都可跟从句，意思是“肯定……，确定……”，只能用人作主语。
I’m not sure/certain whether I’ve met him before.我不能确定以前是否见过他。
不同点：sure不能用于“It is certain that...”句型。
It is certain that your team will win.你们队肯定会赢。
应用
It’s quite ______that Dr Smith will be present at the meeting.
A.certain B.sure C.certainly D.surely
答案:A
典例剖析
【例1】 （2004年上海高考题）Why?I have nothing to confess.______you want me to say?
A.What is it that B.What it is that C.How is it that D.How it is that
剖析：考查强调句。
答案：A
【例2】 （2004年全国卷Ⅰ，27）I like ______in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
A.this B.that C.it D.one
剖析：“it”是代词，作宾语，代替后面的句子“when the weather is clear and bright”。
答案：C
【例3】 （2004年北京，24）The Foreign Ministersaid， “______our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”
A.This is B.There is C.That is D.It is
剖析：考查的是“It is+n.+ that从句”
答案：D
【例4】（2004年湖北，24）It was ______back home after the experiment.
A.not until midnight did he go
B.until midnight that he didn’t go
C.not until midnight that he went
D.until midnight when he didn’t go
剖析：这是一个强调句，对not until midnight进行强调，要用that连接。
答案：C
【例5】（2004年福建，26）I’d like to buy a house
-modern,comfortable,and ______in a quiet neighbour-hood.
A.in all B.above all C.after all D.at all
剖析：above all首要，最重要的是；in all总计；after all毕竟；at all根本，全然。
答案：B
【例6】（2004年上海，52）In dealing with public relations,we should make every effort to prevent the ______in personality.
A.contact B.contrast C.connection D.conflict
剖析：contact 和connection是同义词，“联系”；contrast “对比”；conflict “冲突”。
答案：D