M3 U2 words:
1. be made up of = consist of , be composed of
consist of的意思是“由……构成”，它与 make up of ， compose of 的区别在于：consist of不可用被动语态，而make up of和 compose of 可以用被动语态。例如：
1） The house consists of 6 rooms.
2） The medical team is made up of three doctors and a nurse.
3） The book is composed of 25 units.
2.occupy occupation n.占据、职业
1. occupy意为 “take up or fill (time, space, sb’s mind, etc)” “占据，充满（时间，空间，某人的头脑等）”。
e.g. The speech occupied three hours. 发言占去了三个小时。
A bed occupied the corner of the room. 一张床占去了房间的一角。
2. occupy意为 “take possession of and establish troops in (a country, position, etc)” “（军事）占领（国家、阵地等）”。
e.g. The army occupied the enemy’s capital. 军队占领了敌国首都。
3. occupy意为 “live in or have possession of (a house, land, etc)” “占用，占有（房屋、土地等）”。
e.g. The family have occupied the farm for many years.
这家人在农场已居住多年。
They occupy the house next door. 他们住在隔壁。
4. occupy oneself (in doing sth/with sth) “忙着（做某事）；忙（于某事）”。(be busy doing sth./with sth.)
e.g. How does he occupy himself now he is retired?
他既已退休，都如何打发日子呢？
n.
He is a bus driver by occupation_____________________________________
3.name after
She was named after her grandmother.
她是根据她祖母的名字命名的。
The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader.
by name名叫;用名字
in the name of以...的名义;代表Stop doing that, in the name of God! 看在上帝的分上,别干了
by the name of名叫 !
know sb. by name只知道某人的名字
4. aside from=apart from /
apart from在不同的上下文中，既有besides的含义，又有except和except for的含义，要根据上下文来判别。如：
Apart from English, he has a good command of Russian and French. 除英语外，他还精通俄语和法语。（= besides)
He has no interests, apart from his work. 他除了自己的工作外，没什么兴趣爱好。（= except )
It’s a good paper, apart from a few spelling mistakes. 这是一篇好论文，只是有几处拼写错误。（= except for)
aside from 类似于apart from的用法。
1除…之外
Everything was quiet, aside from the occasional sound of a car in the distance. 除了远处偶尔有汽车的声响外, 四周一片寂静。
Aside from being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.
除了有趣与运动外，游泳还是个很有用的技能。
2既…又…
I didn't accept the job because it was badly paid and aside from that, it wasn't very interesting. 我没接受这个工作, 因为工资既少, 又非常乏味。
5.contribution contribute
make a great contribution to
contribute to捐（款）；投（稿）；贡献；有助于
contribute to a literary journal 向文学杂志投稿
contribute to the furtherance of. 对促进……的发展起作用。
Contribute to the Red Cross 捐助红十字会
6.defeat beat
beat和defeat属一组同义词，它们的宾语必须是人或一个集体，如a team, a class, an school, an army。defeat尤指在战场上打败敌人；beat是游戏、比赛的专门用词。二者常可换。 eg:
We beat their team by 10 points. 我们赢了他们队十分。
In the end their army was defeat/beaten. 最后他们的部队被击（打）败。
7.take control of
lose control of
beyond control 无法控制
in control (of) 控制(住),管理
out of control 不受控制
under control 被控制住
keep...under control 对...加以控制
under the control of 受...的管理(或管辖),受...的控制
have (no) control over (of)能(不能)控制...
8.lead to =result in
1. Such a mistake would perhaps lead to disastrous consequences.
这样一种错误可能导致灾难性的后果。
2. Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.
过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病。
9.replace vt. 取代 =take the place of 放回原处
Nothing can replace a mother's love. 什么都无法取代母爱。
We've replaced the old adding machine with a computer
我们用电脑取代了老式的加法计算器
He replaced the book in the shelf
10. entire = whole
whole n.全部, 全体, 整体, 完全之体系
adj.所有的, 完整的, 完全的, 纯粹的, 未损伤的, 未打破的
adv.完全, 整个
entire adj.全部的, 完整的, 整个
entire 与 whole 在许多情况下可以通用。例如：
The people‘s government has the support of the entire(whole) population . 人民政府得到全民的支持。
whole 常用来强调某事物的完整性，即没有任何部分被忽略或舍去相当于 every part. 在日常语言中，whole 远比 entire 用得多。例如：
One day the police even used their sticks during a peaceful march by blacks , and this was seen across the whole country on TV . (也可用 entire) 有一天，黑人在进行和平进军的时候，警察使用了警棍，这个情景全国的电视上都看到了。
entire 可以修饰抽象名词，whole 则不能。如：
This would destroy the entire peace of the Middle East .
这将会破坏整个中东和平。
11.therefore
therefore有两种用法，一在整句中，一在分句中。therefore是副词，但有时具有连词作用。
一、整句中时一般不放句末，句首后要有逗号，句中1、按一般副词使用2、做插入语
eg.1、Therefore，we must learn English well.
2、They therefore can learn English well.
3、Many fast food restaurant ,therefore, have red furniture or walls.
二、用在分句中，即一个句子一部分表示原因一部分表示结果。
这时一般词前要用分号，其后用不用逗号无所谓。若第二个分句前是逗号或无符号，则要注意therefore是副词，和so不一样，要保持句子完整，应用and therefore。
eg.1、I had a headache; therefore I could not go to your party.
2、I was ill, and therefore could not come.
3、These birds are very beautiful and therefore liked by many people.
12. distinction n. 差别,区别;特性,特征;卓著,荣誉
the chief distinction of Chinese food
中国食品的主要特征
a writer of distinction
一位卓越的作家
academic distinctions
学术上的荣誉
There is no appreciable distinction between the twins.
在这对孪生子之间看不出有什么明显的差别。
His distinction of sound is excellent.
他辨别声音的能力很强。
distinguish v. 区分、辨别 distinguish...from... 辨别, 识别; 把...和...区别开
distinguish right from wrong
明辨是非
distinguish good from evil
分辨善恶
13. concern n. 关心、忧虑、vt.涉及、使担忧 对。。。感兴趣
Andrew expressed his concern. 安德鲁表示了他的关切。
be concerned about /for 关心，挂念；(没什么太大区别 几乎可以通用 但书面的正式用语多是be concerned about )
be concerned with 关系到，涉及 (指的是和某事或某人有联系 不涉及内心感受)
be concerned over sth. 为某事忧虑
be concerned in sth. 也是-- 和某事有牵连 有关联的意思
Ex: The conference was concerned ___ the global reforms of the financial system，and every leader present was concerned ___ interests of his own country.
A with；about B over；about C for；in D about；with
14.access have access to
1. 接近,进入;接近的机会,进入的权利;使用[U][(+to)]
Only a few people have access to the full facts of the case.
只有少数几个人能看到有关该案全部事实的材料。
2. 通道,入口,门路[C][U][(+to)]
The only access to their house is along that narrow road.
Ex: Translate the sentence:
市民可以免费使用这个图书馆。____________________________________
He is a man of easy access. _________________________________________
15.differ from = be different from
Tom ____his father in character and some everyday habits
16. stand for =symbolize /represent
What do the letters UN stand for?
The American flag stands for freedom and justice.
美国国旗代表自由及公平
16.simplify v. simple adj. simplified adj.
The subject is immensely complex, and hard to simplify.
这个题目非常复杂,并且很难简化。
17.as a whole
As a whole our efforts did not prove to be futile.
总体说来，我们的努力没有白费。
The population as a whole is/are in favour of the reform.
全体人民普遍拥护改革。
18.indicate vt. 显示、表示、象征、暗示
The results indicate the need for more work.
结果表明，还有更多的工作需要做。
The light above the elevator indicated that the elevator was then at the fifteenth floor.
电梯上方的灯指示那时电梯在十五楼。
19. convenient adj. convenience inconvenient
convenient意为“方便的”，常用于it is convenient (for sb) to do ….或sth. is convenient to sb. 结构.不可以说: if you are convenient
Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow? 明天就开始工作你觉得方便吗
Ex: Come and see me whenever _____ .
A: you are convenient B: you will be convenient
C: it is convenient to you D: it will be convenient to you
20. thus
A society is thus made up of people from all walks of life. thus在这里是“如此这样”的意思。就是说：社会就是这样的鱼龙混杂（由各种各样的人组成）。
He didn't work hard. Thus he was fired.