湖南隆回一中 罗玉南
五、should在虚拟语气中的运用
1、在if引导的条件状语从句中，若表示与将来事实相反的假设，条件句的谓语动词可以用“should ＋动词原形”；若if省略， should应提到句首，构成部分倒装。例如：
If it should snow tom orrow ，the m eet- ing would be put off．
如果明天下雪的话，运动会就会推迟。
13．_____it rain tomorrow，we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge．（94上海）鶤．Were鶥．Should鶦．Would D．Will
2、动词arrange（安排，筹划），command（命令，要求），demand（要求，需要），desire（要求，渴望），insist（坚决主张），order，propose（主张，提议），request，require，suggest（建议）等后跟宾语从句时，谓语动词应用“（should）＋动词原形”。例如：
14．The guard at the gate insisted that everyone __________ the role．（MET85）
A．obeying鶥．obey鶦．will obey鶧．would obey
15.Jane's face suggested that she __________ ill，and her parents suggested that she______ a medical examination．（95上海）
A．be；should have鶥．was；have鶦．should be；had鶧．was；has
The doctor ordered that she（should） stay in bed for another week．
医生嘱咐她应该躺在床上再呆一周。
He proposed that we（should）go there by plane．他主张我们应该乘飞机去那里。
3、名词advice，idea，order，demand， plan，proposal（主张），suggestion，request等后跟表语从句或同位语从句时，其谓语动词用“（should）＋动词原形”。例如：
We all agreed to his suggestion that we（should）go to Hangzhou for sightseeing．
我们都同意他的建议我们应该到杭州去观光旅游。
My advice is that we（should）do more eye exercises every day．
我的建议是我们每天应该多做眼保健操。
4、在主语从句的下列三种句型中，主句的谓语动词应用“（should）＋动词原形”。
（1）It is necessary（important，impossible，strange，natural．．．）that．．．
（2）It is a pity（a shame．．．）that．．．
（3）It is suggested（requested，ordered，desired．．．）that．．．例如：
It is necessary that we should send for a doctor．我们很有必要派人请个医生来。
It is requested that Miss Gao（should） give a perform ance at the m eeting．
人们要求高小姐应该在大会上进行一场演出。
It is a pity that he（should）be so careless．他竟如此粗心真是令人遗憾。
六、should可以用来表示惊奇、惶惑、不满、惋惜、忧虑等情绪。例如：
16.You can't imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ________be so rude to a lady．（2001上海）鶤．might B．need C．should D．would
Never did he expect that the conditions should be so terrible．他从来没有料到情况竟如此可怕。
七、should可以表示谦逊、委婉之意，意为“可……；倒……”。例如：
Should you like to drink some beer？你是否喜欢喝点啤酒？
He should expect their team to win the match．他倒是希望他们队能赢得这场比赛。
八、should可以用于较强语气的假设情形中，表示“竟然；万一”之意。例如：
If he should fail to come，ask John to go there in his place．万一他不能来就叫约翰代替他去。
Should it blow hard，we would not go out for a picnic．万一明天刮大风，我们就无法去野餐了。
九、should用于目的状语从句或in case引导的条件状语从句中时，相当于might，含有“会；可以”之意。例如：鶷hey got up early so that they should catch up the first flight in time．
他们很早起床以便能及时赶上首班飞机。
He took him along with an umbrella in case it should rain．
他随身带了一把雨伞，以防天可能下雨。
又如：
-The room is so dirty． ＿＿＿＿＿we clean it﹖
-Of course．煩(北京2003)牘
A． Will B． Shall鶦． Would鶧． Do
简析：问句表示征求对方的意见，故本题选B。
It’s nearly seven o’clock． Jack＿＿＿＿ be here at any moment．(NMET’95)牘
A． must鶥． need C． should鶧． can
简析：本题应选C。should在本题中表示推测，意为“很可能”。又如：
-When can I come for the photos﹖ I need them tomorrow afternoon．
-They ＿＿＿＿ be ready by 1200．(NMET’98)牘
A． can鶥． should C． might鶧． need
简析：本题应选B。should在本题中表示应该。
热点五：“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”常见句型及用法
句型1：should (ought to) have＋过去分词
表示过去应该做而（实际）没有做的事情。含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该……”。其否定形式为“should not／ought not to have ＋ 过去分词”。如：
We ＿＿＿＿ last night，but we went to the concert instead．(MET’92)牘
A． must have studied B． might study
C． should have studied D． would study
简析：本题中的一个关键词but暗示了“我们不应去听音乐会，而应学习”。故本题选C。
句型2：needn’t have＋过去分词
表示过去没有必要做某事, 但实际上做了某事。如：
There was plenty of time． She ＿＿＿＿＿．(MET’87)牘
A． mustn’t have hurried鶥． couldn’t have hurried
C． must not hurry D． needn’t have hurried
简析：本题的前一句暗示了一个条件，后一句则是由这个条件得出的结论。故本题选D。
句型3：must have＋过去分词
意为“过去一定做过某事”，表示一种很有把握的推测。注意，对过去发生情况的否定推测常用can’t／couldn’t have ＋过去分词。如：
I didn’t hear the phone． I ＿＿＿＿＿＿asleep．(MET’89)牘
A． must be B． must have been鶦． should be鶧． should have been
简析：本题应选B。本题的前一句说明一个结果，后一句则表示一个原因。
I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning．She ＿＿＿ at the meeting．(上海’91)
A． mustn’t have spoken B． shouldn’t have spoken
C． needn’t have spoken鶧． couldn’t have spoken
简析：从题意上分析，本题的前一句陈述一个理由，后一句则是由前一句得出的结论。故本题选D。
句型4：may／might have＋过去分词
表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的（可能性）推测，意为“或许／可能做过某事”。另外，用于虚拟语气时，通常用might。如：
He ＿＿＿＿＿you more help even though he was very busy． (MET’90)牘
A． might have given B． might give
C． may have given D． may give
简析：本题应选A。全句意为“即使再忙，他也可能再多给你一些帮助的”。
句型5：could have＋过去分词
表示“（过去）本来可以（能够）做某事，但实际上没有做到”。如：
-I stayed at a hotel while in New York．
-Oh, did you﹖ You ＿＿＿＿ with Barbara．(NMET’98)牘
A． could have stayed鶥． could stay
C． would stay D． must have stayed (Key: A)
情态动词专练
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1．Jenny＿＿＿＿have kept her word．I wonder why she changed her mind．(MET1992)牘鶤．must B．should C．need D．would
2．-Could I borrow your dictionary﹖ -Yes, of course you ＿＿＿＿．(MET1992)牘鶤．might B．will C．can D．should
3．It’s nearly seven o’clock．Jack ＿＿＿＿ be here at any moment．(NMET1995)牘鶤．must B．need C．should鶧．can
4．The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ＿＿＿get out．(NMET1997)牘
A．had to B．would鶦．could D．was able to
5．Mr Brown, many students want to see you, ＿＿they wait here or outside﹖ A．shall鶥．will鶦．can鶧．would
6.The monitor must be in the reading-room,_____﹖
A．mustn’t B．doesn’t C．needn’t D．isn’t
7．Dr Baker must have given a good speech at the conference yesterday, ＿＿he﹖ A．mustn’t B．didn’t C．needn’t D．isn’t
8．-When can I come for the photos﹖ I need them tomorrow afternoon．
-They ＿＿＿＿ be ready by 12:00(NMET1998)
A．can B．should C．might D．need
9．I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ＿＿＿＿ for her．(NMET1994)
A．had to write it out鶥．must have written it out
C．should have written it out D．ought to write it out
10．He hardly ＿＿say anything more, since you know all about it．
A．don’t鶥．needn’t鶦．needs鶧．need
11．-Alice looks sad．Did you tell her about the news？-Yes，but I __________ her later．
A．should have told鶥．shouldn't have told鶦．must have told鶧．needn't have told
12．You __________ this morning，if you really wanted to see it yourself．
A．ought to come鶥．may have come鶦．ought to have come鶧．could come
13．-You ought to have come here ten minutes ago．-I __________ ，but the train was late．
A．ought to鶥．ought to have鶦．ought鶧．have ought to
14． __________ he come，the problem would be settled．
A．Would鶥．Should鶦．Shall D．If
15．It is necessary that a college student__________at least a foreign language．
A．masters B．should master鶦．may master鶧．can master
16．Most of the mem bers demanded that the meeting __________ till Friday．
A．should put off鶥．not be put off鶦．wouldn't be put off鶧．can not put off
17．It's unfair that you __________ treat him like that．
A．can鶥．may鶦．need鶧．should
18．I __________ advise you not to do that again in the future．
A．dare B．would C．should鶧．need
19．When I went out，whom __________ I meet but our old friend？
A．should鶥．could C．might D．would
20．Tom __________ at the gate of the cinem a now．
A．should have waited鶥．should be waiting鶦．might wait D．would wait
21.”What you want, you ____ have it on condition that you get the best result,” said the boss.
A. would B. ought to鶦. shall鶧. could
22.---What’s wrong with your car? ---I don’t know. It just _____ start.
A. mustn’t鶥 couldn’t C. wouldn’t D. shouldn’t
23.You _____ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.
A. needn’t to come B. don’t need come C.don’t need coming D. needn’t come
24.---May I pick a flower in the garden ? ---______.
A. No, you needn’t鶥.Not,please C. No,you mustn’t D. No,you won’t
25.---Helen, will you be at the party tonight ?
---Yes, but I have so much homework to do that I really _______.
A. won’t鶥 .can’t鶦. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
26.I was really anxious about you. You ______ home without a word.
A. mustn’t leave B .shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D.needn’t leave
27.Jenny _____ with him at that time,for I was having dinner with her in my home.
A.can’t have been B.mustn’t have been C .must be鶧.may be
28.If you listen to me,you _____ have some candies,Deary.
A.shall鶥.may鶦.will鶧.must
29.Peter ____ come with us tonight,but he isn’t very sure yet.
A.may鶥.can鶦.will鶧.must
30.He ____ you more help,even though he was very busy.
A.might have given B.might give C.may have given D.may give
31.There is plenty of time.She ______.
A.mustn’t have hurried B.couldn’t have hurried
C.must not hurry鶧.needn’t have hurried
32.The plant is dead.I ______ it more鷚ater.
A.will give B.would have given鶦.must give D.should have given
33.---Dare you go home at night ?----_________.
A.Yes,I do鶥.No,I daren’t C.No,I don’t D.Yes,I dare so.
34.When you go abroad,do you _____ take your passport ?
A.have to鶥.ought to鶦.be able to D.need
35.---You must phone us every week. ----Yes,I _____.
A.must鶥.have to C.will鶧.should
36.---Your language teacher looks a rather kind woman.
----But in fact she is cold and hard on us.You _____ believe it.
A.should B.wouldn’t鶦.mustn’t D.might not.
37.A wise man __ sometimes make a mistake. A.can B.may鶦.might鶧.must
38.Don’t get the ink on your shirt,for it _________. A.won’t wash out
B.won’t be washed out鶦.doesn’t wash out鶧.can’t be washed out
39.---Is your father still an engineer ? ----_______.
A.Yes,he was鶥.He didn’t use to鶦.No,but he used to鶧.No,but he used to be
40.There are so many people in the street that I _____ get through.
A.can’t鶥.couldn’t C.needn’t D.mustn’t
41.The classroom is empty.They must have gone to the sportsground,________?
A.don’t they鶥.didn’t they C.haven’t they鶧.hadn’t they
42.---You ought to have come earlier.---Yes,I ______.But the traffic was heavy.
A.ought to B.should鶦.must have鶧.should have
43.Last night he hurt his leg,but at last he ______ get home safely.
A.could鶥.can C.dare鶧.was able to
44.---Shall I tell John about it ? ----No,you ______.I’ve told him already.(1994)
A.needn’t B.wouldn’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t
45.Tom ought not to_____ me your secret,but he meant no harm.(1993)
A.have told鶥.tell鶦.be telling D.having told
46.It’s already seven o’clock.Jack _____ be here at any moment.(1995)
A.must B.need鶦.should D.can
47.---When can I come for the photos ? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
----They _____ be ready by 12:00.(1998) A.can B.should C.might D.need
48.---I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
---Oh,did you ? You _____ with Barbara.(1998)
A.could have stayed鶥.could stay C.would stay鶧.must have stayed
49.Sorry I’m late. I ___ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
(2000 spring) A.might B.should鶦.can D.will
50.---Are you coming to Jeff’s party ?----I’m not sure.I _____ go to the concert instead.(2000)鶤.must鶥.should鶦.would D.might
51.---Write to me when you get home.----________.(2001 Spring)
A.I must鶥.I should鶦.I will鶧.I can
52.---I hear you have got a set of valuable Australian coins. _____ I have a look ?
---Yes,certainly. (2002 Spring)
A.Do鶥.May鶦.Shall D.Should
53.---Is John coming by train ?
--- He should,but he ______ not.He likes driving his car. (2002)
A.must鶥.can鶦.need D.may
情态动词讲与练答案
情态动词＋have done: 1-5 ADAAA6-10 CDDCA
Key:1-5 BCCDA 6-10 DBBCD
11-15 A C B B B 16-20 B D C A B
21-25CCDCB26-30BAAAA31-35DDBAC36-40AAADA
41-45CDDAA46-50CBAAD 51-53CBD