知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 disability ability fair guidance gifted assist sympathy encouragement *visual impair disappointing adjust *ceremony sense victory *dignity shameful participate self-confidence public accessible presentation environmentally heel vest backwards reappear *patent officer petrol *automatically thinker background reject possibility otherwise attempt deepen connection unreasonable *application respected uninspired rider storage glue
词组 get around adjust to get used to be tired of allow for get stuck break away from be aware of trial and error
语法 构词法
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.assist
例句集锦
vt.
He often assists me financially.
他常在经济上帮助我。
Good glasses assist your eyes.
好眼镜有助于你的眼睛。
She assisted her sister with her lesson.
她帮助妹妹做功课。
vi.
She assisted in doing his homework.
她帮他做功课。
He will assist with the tuition fees.
他愿意帮助付学费。
n.
The girl finished her homework without an assist from her mother.
那个女孩没有母亲协助就做完了她的功课。
用法归纳
*assist有如下用法：（1）＋宾语；（2）＋宾语＋介词＋（代）名词；（3）＋宾语＋副词（短语）；（4）＋宾语＋to do。
特别提示
用作不及物动词时常与介词in和with搭配。
2.impair
例句集锦
vt.
Poor food impaired his health.
营养不足的食物损害了他的健康。
Don’t boil the sauce as this and impair the flavor.
酱汁还要煮沸，否则会影响味道。
adj. impaired 受损的；变差的
TV reception may be impaired in some areas.
某些地区电视的接收效果可能会受到影响。
3．adjust
例句集锦
vt.
He adjusted his tie in a mirror.
他照镜子调整领带。
Can you adjust colour on a TV?
你会调整电视的色彩吗？
adjust a radio 调节收音机
He adjusted the telescope to his eye.
他调好望远镜以适合眼睛观看。
She adjusted the seat to the height of her child.
她调节座椅以适合她孩子的身高。
vi.
He soon adjusted to school life.
他不久就适应了学校生活。
The body quickly adjusts itself to changes of（in）temperature.
身体能很快地自行调节以适应温度的变化。
You must adjust yourself to new circumstances.
你必须使自己适应新环境。
用法归纳
*adjust作及物动词用法：（1）+宾语；（2）+宾语+to+代（名）词，意为“调节、调整；使适合或便于使用；调停（歧见、争端）”。
特别提示
用作不及物动词时，常跟介词to搭配。
4．sense
例句集锦
（1）官能、感觉
He has a poor sense of smell.
他嗅觉极差。
We all have the five senses.
我们都有五种官能。
I’ll probably get lost-I haven’t got a very good sense of direction.
我可能会迷路--我的方向感不太好。
（2）make sense 有意义
Read this and tell me if it makes sense.
读读这篇东西，告诉我它的意思是否明确。
It just doesn’t make sense － why would she do a thing like that?
这真是无法解释--她为什么会做出这样的事情？
It makes sense to save money while you can.
能省钱时就节省，这是明智的。
（3）sense of rhythm/timing节奏感/时机感
I like Michelle-she’s got a really good sense of humor.
我喜欢米歇尔--她很有幽默感。
固定搭配：in no sense 决不（用于强调）
in a very real sense确定地、毫无疑问地
In a very real sense,we can say that education is the most vital of all resources.
毫无疑问，我们可以说在所有资源中教育是最重要的。
in a sense/in one sense/in some senses 在某种意义上
用法归纳
*sense可用作名词，主要义项有：感觉;有意义；看见、嗅到、触摸等。
特别提示
make sense有意义，名词sense前不用冠词，但sense表示“……感”时，其前常用形容词或冠词。
5.*involve
例句集锦
vt.
What will the job involve?
这份工作包括什么？
I didn’t know/realize putting on a play involved so much work.
我没有想到演出一场戏需要做这么多工作。
Every day each of us makes decisions that involve taking a chance.
每天我们每个人作出的决定都包含碰运气的成分。
These changes will involve everyone on the staff.
这些变革将会影响到我们每个人。
Try to involve as many children as possible in the game.
尽量多让些孩子参与游戏。
More than 30 software firms were involved in the project.
30多家软件公司参与了这个项目。
用法归纳
*involve可用作及物动词或不及物动词。主要义项有：包含（必要的部分或结果），需要，包括；涉及、影响；要求/允许（某人）参与；参与某项活动，与某项活动有关联的。
特别提示
involved 词性已转化为形容词在句中作表语。
6.attempt
例句集锦
n.
He made one last attempt at the world record.
他为破世界记录作了最后一次努力。
They made no attempt at escaping.
他们没有试图逃走。
Zhang Jian made an attempt to swim across the English Channel.
张健试图游过英吉利海峡。
They decreased their production in an attempt to push the prices.
他们减少生产量，以试图抬高价格。
vt.
They attempted a surprise attack.
他们企图偷袭。
The prisoners attempted to escape,but failed.
那些囚犯试图逃走，但失败了。
He attempted breaking the world record.
他试图打破世界纪录。
用法归纳
*attempt 可用作名词和及物动词，意为：努力、尝试、企图、未遂行为； 尝试；试图；试图征服（危险的山、海等）。
特别提示
attempt 用作及物动词表示“试图；企图”时，常含结果失败之意。
●重点短语
1.get/be/come used to
例句集锦
I’m sure I’ll get used to the hard work.
我肯定会习惯艰苦的工作。
I haven’t got used to getting up so early.
我不习惯于起这么早。
After a month she got/become used to English food.
一个月后，她变得习惯于（吃）英国食品。
相关归纳
（1）used to 过去常常
I used to smoke a pipe.
我从前常抽烟斗。
I used to think I’d like to be an astronaut.
我从前想当宇航员。
It used to be believed that the earth was flat.
以前的人相信地球是平的。
（2）be used to 还可表示“被用来”,used动词use的被动形式。
Bamboo is used to make paper.
竹子被用来造纸。
特别提示
be used to doing用法与get used to doing相同，只不过be used to 表示状态，而get used to 表示动作或状态的转变。
2.allow for
例句集锦
The journey usually takes 3 weeks,but you should allow for delays caused by bad weather.
这趟旅行通常需时三周，但是你应该考虑到恶劣天气所造成的延误。
His inexperience should be allowed for.
他的无经验被考虑在内。
Allowing for inflation,the cost of the project is $2 million.
考虑到通货膨胀的因素，这个项目的费用为200万美元。
相关归纳
considering（介词）考虑到；鉴于
Considering the strength of the opposition,we did very well to score two goals.
考虑到对方实力强大，我们进了两个球就很不错了。
John did quite well considering how little he studied.
考虑到约翰才学了那么一点点，他考得已算很不错了。
特别提示
allow for 为动词词组，而considering词性为介词。
3.be aware of
例句集锦
I’m well（quite）aware of the risk.
我深知那项风险。
She was/became aware of the danger.
她（终于）觉察到危险。
He was aware that he had drunk too much.
他晓得他喝了太多（酒）。
Few of them were aware（of）what a hypocrite he really was.
他们之中很少人知道他实际上是个什么样的伪君子。
Are you aware（of）how much this means to me?
你晓得这对我有多大意义吗？
特别提示
作介词“of”宾语的可数名词、that从句及wh-从句，在接从句时，of常可省略。
●必背句型
1.while 引导的让步状语从句
教材原句
While I may not be able to walk, there are many other great things I can do.
尽管我可能走不了路，但我能做许多其他的了不起的事情。
特别提示
while 可用于表示让步、对照，意为“然而，但是，虽然”。
（1）That region has plenty of natural resources while this one has none.
那个地区自然资源丰富，这个地区却一点也没有。
（2）While I have some sympathy for them, I don’t think they are right.
虽然我对他们有些同情，我却不认为他们是对的。
（3）While she is a likeable girl she can be extremely difficult to work with.
她虽然是一个可爱的姑娘，但有时很难与她共事。
特别提示
可用于这种表示让步关系的连词还有although,though,when等。注意：when引导的让步状语从句，常置于主句之后。
补充例句
（1）They kept digging when they must have known there was no hope.
他们明知没有希望，但还是在不停地挖。
（2）He works when he might retire.
虽然可以退休，他还是工作。
2.“与其说……倒不如……；不只是”的表示法
教材原句
They need recognition, more than sympathy and help.
与其说他们需要同情与帮助，倒不如说他们需要承认。
补充例句
（1）It’s her manner I dislike, more than what she actually says.
我讨厌的倒不是她实际上说些什么，而是她的态度。
（2）She cares far more for her dogs than she does for me.
她关心狗远远胜过关心我。
（3）Chinese is more than a language.
中文不仅仅是一种语言。
*rather than也表此意
（1）He is a politician rather than a statesman.
说他是政治家，不如说他是政客。
（2）It is hot rather than warm.
与其说天气暖和，不如说是热。
（3）I would prefer to stay home rather than go out.
我宁愿留在家里也不愿出去。
疑难突破
1.accept...as;recognize...as;treat...as...;think of...as...
accept...as...接受或认可（某种演说、说明等）；忍受
recognize ...as公认……
treat ... as ... 把……当作……
think of...as...认为……是……（普通用语）
应用
（1）We now______the car as being essential rather than a luxury.
（2）Immediately after her death,Qiu in was______as a heroine.
（3）You may______the report as true/a fact.
（4）Lawrence’s novel was eventually______as a work of genius.
（5）We have to______things as they are.
（6）He______my words as a joke.
答案：（1）think of （2）recognized （3）accept （4）recognized （5）accept
（6）treated 或thought of
2.get,gain,win,earn
get是最普遍的词，在非正式场合可以替代几乎所有的其他动词。
gain暗示目的物需要努力奋斗才能得到，强调获得的过程。
win指在竞争、战争、比赛中获胜，并可能由此得到奖赏。
earn通常用于与金钱、报酬、谋生相关的场合，而且含有这些报酬是应得的意思，暗示获得物与所花的气力是相互成比例的。
应用
（1）I sat in the front of the bus to ______a good view of the countryside.
（2）She______experience while working for the newspaper.
（3）Who is going to ______the elections?
（4）She ______￡1 000 a month.
答案：（1）get （2）gained （3）win （4）earns
典例剖析
【例1】 （2004年全国卷Ⅱ,27）______you call me to say you’re not coming,I’ll see you at the theatre.
A.Though B.Whether C.Until D.Unless
剖析：从上下文的意思看，从句中需要表示否定含义的引导词，unless在意思上相当于if not,因此选D。
答案：D
【例2】 （2004年浙江,35）Anyway,that evening,______I’ll tell you more about later,I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
A.when B.where C.what D.which
剖析：本题考查非限制性定语从句的用法。本句中的先行词为that evening;关系词在从句中作介词about的宾语。
答案：D