1. merely adv. 只是,仅仅,不过That was merely a guess of mine
____________________________.
mere adj. __________
从我家到学校仅仅百米之遥.
It is a mere 100 metres from my house to the school.
2.classifyvt. ___________;____________
classify sb/sth.(as)sth.归入。。。。类；分等级。
classify sb/sth. Into/in….把。。。归为。。。类。
classify sth.according to/by sth. 依据，按照。。。分类。
Eggs are classified according to size
____________________________.
People who work in libraries spend a lot of time classifying books.
____________________________.
1). We ___(把他归为) as an honest person.
2). All the books in our library ___ (严格分类的)
3). She was ___ one of the greatest scientist of our time.
A. classified B. classified as
C. classifying D. classifying to be
注意：-ify是一个后缀，往往用在名词后形容词后面，构成动词。意为“（使）成为；（使）变为”。如：solidify使。。。凝固；speechify演说，演说似的长篇大论。diversify使。。。多样化terrify使恐怖，使惊慌。
3identificationn.（了解）
(1). 认出;识别;鉴定;确认[U]
凭指纹确认罪犯
the identification of criminals by their fingerprints
(2). 身份证明;身份证[U][C]
I used my driver's license as identification.
我用驾驶执照作为身份证明。
Would you like to show me your identification?
我可以看一下你的身份证吗？
4. promote vt.__________;___________;____________.
（1）提升；提职
She worked hard and was soon promoted.
______________________________________________________。
（2）促进；增进；促使
The organization works to promote friendship between nations.
______________________________________________________。
（3）推销；为。。。。作广告
He was in town to promote his new book.
______________________________________________________
Promote sb.(from sth)to sth.。提升
Promote +n./pron.提升；助长
Promotion n提升；促进；推销
Promoter商业公司的发起人；运动项目的倡导人，赞助商
Promoter of 拥护的人；支持的人
Promotional 推销的；和推销有关的
promote sb.(from sth) to sth.提升某人为
她努力工作,不久被提升为校长了.
She worked hard and was soon promoted to headmaster.
5.Privilege = Special rights_______________
如今,特权少了,大家平等的机会多了起来.
Nowadays there is less privilege and more of an equal chance in life for everyone.
真荣幸能听到她唱歌.(a privilege)
It’s a privilege (荣幸) to hear her sing.
6.appetite n.[U][C]
(1)食欲,胃口[(+for)]
Exercise gave her a good (poor)appetite.
运动使她胃口大增。(2). 欲望;爱好[(+for)]
have an appetite for ____________________
此时此刻她无心闲聊。
At the moment she had no appetite for gossip.7.Appoint vt.__________;___________;____________.
（1）任命；委托
They appointed him to be/as chairman.
______________________________________________________
（2）约定
Our visitors arrived at the appointed time.
______________________________________________________
（3）确定；指定
We have appointed 8 o’clock as the time to begin.
______________________________________________________
Appoint sb.to sth.。委派/任命某人担任某职位
Appoint sb.as sth.。任命某人干某份工作
Appoint a time and place for ……为。。。确定时间和地点
Make an appointment 约定；约会
与Appoint 用法相似的短语还有：
Recommend sb./sth. For…委派/任命某人担任某职位
Recommend sb. As任命某人干某份工作
Put forward sb. As/for…
1.We should appoint Mike to (to be) a monitor of our class. (改错)
2. He ______________ __________ __________ (已约定在门口接他)。
3.The time ____________________________________ the meeting was 2 p.m.
A. appointed to B. appointing for
C. appointed for D. appointing to
8.calculate vt. ____________________
1). 计算[+(that)][+wh-]
他仔细计算开支。
He calculated the costs very carefully.
2). 估计;预测;推测[+(that)][+wh-]
我估计你会准时到那儿.
His remark was calculated to hurt her.
I calculate you'll get there in time.
3). 计划,打算;使适合(某种目的) [+to-v]
他的话是故意要伤她的。
His remark was calculated to hurt her.
4). 【美】【口】以为,认为[+(that)]
我看他们快要到了。
I calculate they will soon arrive.
vi.计算
你计算好了吗?
Have you finished calculating yet?
9.expense ____________________________
at one’s expense 由某人负担费用
at the expense of牺牲,以……作代价
他成为一个卓越的学者，但却牺牲了健康。
He became an outstanding scholar, but only at the expense of his health.
他自己出钱印了书。(have sth. done)
He had his book printed at his own expense.
10.look out for___________________________
look out / watch out ：语气最强，常用于某种紧急的情况或可能出现的危险的场合。
take care ：语气不如look out强，常用于出现不测的情况下做出提醒或警告。
be careful ：常用语，使用场合较广。
1）Look out! There is a car coming.
2) Take care! The pan is hot. Don’t touch it.
3) Be careful! Don’t break it. It’s made of glass.
look out for 当心，小心；找寻
1） Look out for the pickpockets.
_____________________________________________
2) He look out for truths all his life.
他一生都在寻求真理。
10. On a large/tremendous scale_____；_____
Beijing is beautiful on a large scale to greet the coming Olympics.
_____________________________________________
有些国家正在大规模地准备战争.
Some countries are preparing for war on a large scale.
11. involve 包括；牵涉；使参与
有很多人参加了罢工。
The strike involved many people.
involve sb. / sth. in (doing ) sth. 使某人/物参与……
你解决你的问题，不要把我拉进去。
Don’t involve me in solving your problems.be involved in = be busy doing / be engaged in 从事， 忙于……
他正忙着准备入学考试。
He is involved in preparing for the entrance exam.
12.Accumulate
Accumulate.vi&vt __________;___________;____________.
(1) 积累，聚积，通过积累获得
He quickly accumulated a large fortune.
（2）堆积；越积越多
Dust and dirt soon accumulate if a house is not cleaned regularly.
（3）确定；指定
Accumulate…by…靠。。。积聚。。。
Accumulate…for…为。。。积累。。。
Accumulate…to 积聚。。。到
注意：英语中，与Accumulate 意思相近，既可用作及物动词，又可用作不及物动词的词还有： increase, improve, gather等。
13.Abandon vt.(1)丢弃;抛弃,遗弃
水手们离弃了燃烧中的船。
The sailors abandoned the burning ship.
人们发现那辆损坏的自行车被扔在河边。
The broken bike was found abandoned by the river side.
(2.) 放弃,中止
他终于放弃了自己的改良主义思想。
He finally abandoned his reformist ideas.
(3.) (与oneself连用)使放纵;使听任[(+to)]
She abandoned herself to despair.
她陷入绝望之中。
14.Reward. ____；____；____。
（1）vt.报答；酬劳
Is this how you reward me for my help?
你就这样报答我对你的帮助吗？
She rewarded him with a smile.
她向他报以微笑。
（2）n. 奖金；报答；报酬；奖励。
A 1000 reward was offered for the return of the stolen painting.
送还被盗窃的画的奖金为1000英镑。
The reward has never been claimed.
这笔奖金还无人认领。
高效记忆：
Ask no reward 不图报酬
Give a reward to sb for sth 为某事给某人报酬
Offer a reward of 给酬金。。。
As a reward for…作为对。。。。的酬谢
Reward sb for sth/doing sth 因。。。报答某人
Reward according to sb’s deserts 论功行赏
Reward sb with /by 用。。。酬谢某人。
15.Distinguish vi,vt ____；____；
高效记忆
Distinguish between A and B分辨A 和B
Distinguish A from B B区分A与B
(Be)distinguished by 以。。。为特征
distinguish…into 把。。。分类
people who cannot distinguish between colours are said to be colour-blind
不能辨别颜色的人被称作色盲。
he distinguished himself by his bravery.
他以勇敢著称。
注意：
与Distinguish的意思，用法相似的短语还有：
Tell the difference between A and B 说出A 与B 之间的不同
Tell A from B 把A 与B 区分开来
Tell A and B apart 把A 与B 分开
Differ A from B.使A 不同于B