基础知识
SB3A Units9-12
一 . 知识菜单
( 一 ) 常用单词
1. abuse insurance income clinic fundamental fee tailor significance bench sink jar lid garbage prince penny grocery bakery weep furnish shabby mailbox bell rag rare garment worn carpet barbershop haircut booklet mutton stove pale prayer comb tortoise flash simplify criterion comrade colleague staff temporary coach compromise shortcoming regulation violent resign ambitious actual definite congratulate smooth combination shame hands-on oral strict commitment absent expand distribute corporation donate curriculum ministry worldwide aspect alongside housewife obtain evident restriction schedule presentation
2. hopeless/ hopeful/ hope
3. allowance/ allow
4. pressure/ press
5. consult/ consulter
6. chemist/ chemistry/ chemical
7. nationwide/ nation/ national
8. unfortunate / unfortunately/ fortunate
9. incident/ accident
10. devotion/ devote/ devoted
11. outcome/ income
12. baggage/ luggage
13. approve/ approval/ disapprove/ disapproval
14. anyhow/ somehow
15. summary/ summarize
16. percentage/ percent
17. suspect vt./ n.
18. uncertain/ uncertainty/ certain/ sure
19. expectation/ expect
20. division/ divide/ separate/ separation
21. excite/ exiting/ exited
22. finance n./ vt.
23. bride/ groom/ bridegroom
24. decline vi./vt./n.
25. load/ workload
26. profession/ professor
27. recorder/ record
28. select/ elect/ choose/ pick out
29. suit/ fit/ match
常用词组
1. lay off
2. make matters worse
3. get rid of
4. make ends meet
5. attend to
6. take pride in/ be proud of
7. do up/ dress up/ make up
8. let down
9. fix sth. on/ upon sb.
10. at length
11. stick with/ stick to
12. through thick and then
13. pull out of
14. carter to
15. in reality/ in fact
16. keep an/ one’s eye on
17. take … into account
18. as a whole
19. once again/ once more
20. live up to
21. to begin with/ to start with
22. drop out (of)
23. result in/ result from
(二)重点语法: 1. Review the Subjunctive Mood (2)
2. Review all the verb tenses
3. Integrative language practice
二. 疑难点拨
1. insurance
n.
1.) 保险;保险契约[U] 保险业[U]
I found a job selling insurance.
我找到一份推销保险的工作。
She works in insurance.
她从事保险业。
2.) 保险金额;赔偿金;保险费[U][(+on)]
The insurance on my house is very high.
我的房屋保险费很高。
He has $100,000 life insurance, which his wife will receive if he dies first.
他有十万美元的人寿保险,如果他先去世,他的妻子将得到这笔钱。
3.) 预防措施;安全保证[U][sing.][(+against)]
I bought some new locks as an additional insurance against theft.
我买了新锁具以进一步防止盗窃。
2. allowance
n.
1.) 津贴,补贴;零用钱[C]
The child has a weekly allowance of five dollars.
这孩子每星期有五元零用钱。
2.) 分配额;允许额[C]
His allowance for food is $100.
他拨出一百美元用于购买食物。
3.) 承认;允许[U]
the allowance of a claim
对要求权的允准
4.) 折扣[C]
If you pay cash now I will give you an allowance of 10% off the price.
如果你现在付现款，我可以给你打九折。
3. pressure
n.
1.) 压;按;挤;榨[U]
The small box was flattened by the pressure of the heavy book on it.
小盒子被这本厚厚的书压扁了。
2.) 压力;压迫;紧迫;催促[U][C]
He works well under pressure.
他在有压力的情况下工作很出色。
3.) 困扰;艰难[U]
These old people are unaccustomed to the pressure of modern life.
这些老人不习惯现代生活的紧张压力。
4. consult
vt.
1.) 与...商量
I'll do nothing without consulting you.
我采取行动之前一定和你商量。
2.) 找(医生)看病;请教
He went to town to consult his doctor.
他进城去看医生。
3.) 查阅(词典、参考书等)
He consulted his notebook repeatedly during his speech.
他讲演时不断看他的笔记本。
vi.
1.) 商议,磋商[(+with)]
We will consult with advisors about her education.
我们将和专家商议她的教育事宜。
2.) 当顾问[(+for)]
The retired executive consults for several large companies.
那位退休的总裁在好几家大公司当顾问。
5. fee
n.
1.) (付给律师、医生等的)酬金,服务费[C]
I'm afraid I can't afford the doctor's fee.
恐怕我付不起看医生的费用。
2.) 费(如学费、会费、入场费等)[C]
They charge a small registration fee.
他们收一点注册费。
3.) 赏金,小帐[C]
vt.
付费(或小帐)给
She feed the waiter.
她付给侍者小费。
6. devotion
n.
1.) 献身;奉献[U][(+to)]
We appreciated his devotion of time and money to the project.
我们感谢他为这一项目花费的时间和金钱。
His devotion to science is well known.
他对科学的献身精神为人熟知。
2.) 忠诚;挚爱,热爱[U][(+to/for)]
devotion to music
热爱音乐
7. outcome
n.
结果;结局;后果[sing.][(+of)]
She was satisfied with the outcome of her efforts.
她对自己努力的结果很满意。
I think there can be but one outcome to this affair.
我认为这件事只可能有一种结局。
8. attend to
1.) 注意;致力于
You should attend better to your studies.
你应该更专心于学习。
2.) 关心;照料;护理
The nurse is attending to a sick man.
护士正在照料病人。
9. do up
1.) 修理
The room needs doing up.
这房子需要修缮。
2.) 使穿上
She was done up in her Sunday best.
她穿着节日盛装。
3.) 使精疲力尽
He was done up after the long trip.
长途旅行后他精疲力尽。
10. approve
vt.
1.) 赞成,同意;赞许
The professor does not approve the government's foreign policy.
那位教授不赞成政府的外交政策。
2.) 批准;认可
The meeting has now approved the plan.
会议已经批准了这项计划。
vi.
赞成;赞许 [(+of)]
I'm afraid your parents won't approve of your going there.
我担心你父母不会赞成你到那儿去。
11. at length
1.) 最后,终于 at last
At length, we began to understand what she wanted.
最后,我们总算弄清楚她到底要什么。
2.) 详细地 in detail
He talked at length about his work.
他详细地谈了他的工作。
12. flash
vt.
1.) 使闪光;使闪烁[(+at)]
Why is that driver flashing his lights at me?
那个司机为何用灯照我?
2.) (向...)闪现出[(+at)]
I flashed a warning glance at them.
我向他们投去警告性的一瞥。
3.) (火速地)发出(电报,电讯等);使迅速传遍
The news was flashed around the world.
这一消息迅速传遍世界各地。
vi.
1.) 闪光,闪烁
The stars flashed in the night sky.
夜空中群星闪烁。
2.) (想法等)掠过,闪现
A thought flashed through my mind.
我脑子里闪过一个想法。
3. 飞驰,掠过
A car flashed by.
一辆汽车疾驰而过。
n.
闪烁,闪光[C]
There was a flash of lightning a moment ago.
刚才有一道闪电。
13. suspect
vt.
1.) 疑有,察觉
The tiger suspected danger and ran away.
老虎意识到危险便逃跑了。
2.) 怀疑,不信任
We suspected their honesty.
我们不相信他们是诚实的。
3.) 怀疑(某人犯有过错)[+of] [+(that)]
They suspect him of murder.
他们怀疑他杀了人。
The police suspected that Bill did it.
警察怀疑那件事是比尔干的。
4.) 猜想;料想 [+(that)]
I suspect that they'll come.
我想他们会来的。
n.
嫌疑犯;可疑分子[C]
The police have several suspects.
警方有几名嫌疑犯。
adj.
可疑的;受到怀疑的;不可信的[(+of/to/with)]
His motives were suspect with others.
他的动机受到其他人的怀疑。
14. congratulate
vt.
1.) 祝贺;恭喜[(+on/upon)]
I congratulate you on your great discovery.
我祝贺你的伟大发现。
I want to congratulate you with all my heart.
我衷心地祝贺你。
2.) (后接oneself)自我庆幸[(+on)]
He congratulated himself on having survived the air-crash.
他庆幸自己在空难中幸免于死。
比较：congratulate sb. on/ upon sth.
celebrate sth.
15. finance
n.
1.) 财政;金融;财政学[U]
He got the position on the strength of his skill in finance.
他凭着自己的理财本领得到了这个职位。
Minster of Finance 财务部长 personal finance个人理财
2.) (对事业的)资金支援[U]
3.) 财源;资金;(国家的)岁入;财务情况[pl.]
The country's finances have improved.
这个国家财政状况改善了。
vt.
供资金给;融资,为...筹措资金
Who will finance the project?
谁为这项工程提供资金?
vi.
筹措资金
We are financing for the housing project.
我们在为住宅计划筹措资金。
financial adj. 财政的，金融的the financial condition财政状况
16. load
n.[C]
1.) 装载;担子
The load on that beam is more than it will bear.
那根梁上的载重超过了它所能承受的量。
2.) (精神方面的)负担;重任
The good news has taken a load off my mind.
听了这个好消息我就放心了。
3.) (车,船等的)装载量;一车(或一船等)货物
The truck was carrying a load of sand.
卡车装运一车沙子。
4.) 工作量
Measures have been taken to lighten the load of the hospital doctors.
业已采取措施减轻医院医生的负担。
vt.
1.) 装,装载[(+with)]
The workers are loading the ship with coal.
工人正把煤装上船。
2.) 把弹药装入(枪,炮);把胶卷装入(照相机)
Don't forget to load your camera.
别忘了给你的相机装胶卷。
3.) 使摆满;使充满;使长满 [(+with)]
The air was loaded with soot.
空气充满煤烟。
4.) 大量给予[(+with)]
His brothers and sisters loaded him with books.
他的哥哥姐姐送给他许多书。
vi.
1.) 装货[(+up)]
Have they finished loading up yet?
他们把货物装完了吗?
2.) 上子弹
The soldiers loaded and fired.
士兵们装上子弹便射击。
17. drop out
1.) 脱离
Luckily, I dropped out before the deal turned sour.
很幸运的,在交易变坏前我已退出了。
One of my teeth has dropped out.
我的一只牙齿掉了。
2.) 退出;退学
She dropped out of school to become a waitress.
她退学去当女招待。
18. expand
vt.
1.) 展开,张开(帆,翅等)
The eagle expanded its wings.
老鹰展开翅膀。
2.) 使膨胀;使扩张
3.) 扩大;扩充;发展
He is thinking of expanding his business.
他正考虑扩展他的生意。
4.) 详述
They have expanded my view on the question.
他们已更充分地阐明了我对这个问题的观点。
vi.
1.) 展开,张开
2.) 扩张;发展;增长
In ten years the city's population expanded by 12%.
十年之中,该城人口增加了百分之十二。
3.) 膨胀
Water expands when it freezes.
水结冰时体积膨胀。
A tire expands when you pump air into it.
轮胎打了气就会胀大。
4.) 详细说明[(+on/upon)]
19. distribute
vt.
1.) 分发;分配[(+to/among)]
They had distributed the lands among the peasants.
他们把土地分给农民。
2.) 散布,分布[(+over)]
This species of butterfly is widely distributed over our country.
这种蝴蝶在我国分布很广。
3.) 分,分开[(+into)]
The teacher distributed the pupils into three groups.
老师把学生分成三组。
20. donate
vt.
捐献,捐赠[(+to)]
She donated her books to the library.
她把自己的书捐赠给图书馆。
donate blood献血
vi.
捐献,捐赠[(+to/towards)]
My husband donates to that group every year.
我丈夫每年都捐钱给那个组织。
donation n.[(+to)]
1.) 捐献,捐赠[U][C]
She made a donation of $5,000 to the Children's Hospital.
她捐了五千美元给儿童医院。
2.) 捐款;捐赠物[C]
21. profession
n.
1.) (尤指受过良好教育或专门训练者,如律师、医生、教师的)职业，专业[C]
She intends to make teaching her profession.
她打算以教书为业。
2.) 同业,同行[sing.]
The teaching profession claim that they are badly paid.
教师同行们声称待遇太差。
He is a leading member of the medical profession.
他是医疗业中首屈一指的医生。
3.) 声明;表白[C][(+of)]
She did not believe in his professions of love.
她不相信他的爱情表白是真的。
比较：career
n.
1.) (终身的) 职业，事业[C]
He wasn't interested in her stage career.
他对她的演戏职业不感兴趣。
2.) 经历;生涯;历程[C]
He found it both interesting and instructive to learn about the careers of great men.
他觉得了解伟人的生平既很有趣又有教益。
比较：occupation
n.
1.) 工作,职业[C]
What is your father’s occupation?
你父亲的职业是什么？
2.) 消遣;日常事务[C][U]
He was bored for lack of occupation.
他因无所事事而感到厌烦。
3.) 占领,占据;占领时期[U]
The Japanese occupation of Taiwan lasted fifty-one years.
日本占领台湾达五十一年之久。
4.) 占用;居住;占用(或居住)期
No one is yet in occupation of the house.
这所房子还没有人住进去。
所以，在三个表示职业的词中，profession n.(尤指受过良好教育或专门训练者,如律师、医生、教师的)职业，专业，[C]；career n. (终身的)职业，事业[C]；occupation n.职业，工作 [C]，是一种泛指。
22. obtain
vt.
得到,获得
He failed to obtain a scholarship.
他没有获得奖学金。
They obtained a loan from the government.
他们从政府那里得到一笔贷款。
vi.
得到公认;通用;流行;存在
Those conditions no longer obtain.
那些情形已不存在。
The custom still obtains in some areas.
某些地区仍保留着这一习俗。
gain
vt.
1.) 得到; 获得, 赢得 (战争、诉讼等有用、需要之物)
Our army gained the battle.
我们的军队赢得了那场战役。
He gained possession of more land.
他拥有了更多的土地。
2.) 获得（利益、利润等）
I gained $3 by selling it for more than I paid for it.
我可以贱买贵卖获利3 美元。
3.) 增加,增添
I gained five pounds in a week.
我一个星期体重增加了五磅。
obtain 和gain两个词在表示“获得”时，有下面的区别：
To obtain means to get esp. by making some effort;
To gain means to get or obtain something useful, necessary, wanted, etc esp. over a length of time and as an addition to what one has
23. select
vt.
选择,挑选,选拔[(+for/from)]
He selected a team for the special task.
他为这项特殊任务挑选了一组人马。
Mr. Reed has been selected to represent us on the committee.
里德先生代表我们已被选入委员会。
vi.
做出选择,挑选
adj.
1.) 挑选出来的;精选的
A select group of their friends was invited to the wedding.
他们的经过挑选的一群朋友应邀参加婚礼。
2.) 上等的,优等的,卓越的
She only stays at select hotels.
她只住一流旅馆。
select/elect/ choose的区别
choose指在两个或多个中选择其一，可与from或between连用；select通常是指同类事物中选择最好或最合适的；elect 则指通过选举选出。
Will you help me choose myself a new coat?
请你帮我选一件新外套，好吗？
If you had to choose (between) staying here alone or going with me, what would you do?
是一个人呆在这里，还是同我一起去，如果你必须对此做出选择，你会怎么做呢？
He selected a pair of socks to match his suit.
他挑选了一双与他所穿的衣服相配的短袜。
They elected Nixon as President.
他们选举尼克松为总统。
choose和 elect 都有“决定”的意思，只是elect 比choose 正式，并常常指有关将来的重大的大决定。在结构上，choose 之后还可有that 引导的宾语从句。
He chose not to go home until later.
他决定晚些时再回家。
He chose that we should stay.
他决定说，我们得留下来。
He elected to be a doctor.
他决定将来当一名医生。
24. suit
n.
(一套)衣服[C]
I picked out a black suit.
我挑了一套黑色西装。
vt. suit
1.) 适合,中...的意
Would Friday morning suit you?
星期五早上对你合适吗?
The arrangement suited us both.
这个安排对我们两人都合适。
2.) (不用被动式) 与...相配,与...相称
This dress suits you beautifully.
这件衣服你穿非常合适。
3.) 使合适; 使适应 [(+to)]
Her speech was well suited to the occasion.
她的讲话在这个场合十分得体。
vi.
1.) 合适,适当
Will that time suit?
这时间合适吗?
2.) 相称; 彼此协调 [(+to/with)]
The position suits with his abilities.
这个职位与他的能力相称。
比较：fit作动词的用法
vt.
1.） (衣服)合...身;与...相称
This dress doesn't fit me.
这件衣服不适合我穿。
2.） 适合于;使适合 [(+for)]
Her training fits her for the job.
她所受的训练使她能胜任这项工作。
We must fit the action to the word.
我们必须言行一致。
3.） 安装
Can you fit the electric fire for me?
你能替我装上电炉吗?
vi.
1.） (衣服)合身;适合
Does this shirt fit?
这件衬衫合身吗?
2.） 符合;配合