【单元知识纲要】
类别
语 言 项 目
备 注
语
音
拼读规则：oo︱u︱ foot good ︱u:︱ moon noom u︱u:︱ blue rude ︱ju:︱tune huge ︱u︱full pull
其发音规则详见本单元教学目标
词
汇
fast feed chicken sheep cow grow corn wheat tractor country bleat(羊、小牛等叫) summer winter pick until college also use somebody nobody exciting quickly beautiful interesting
have to get home on a farm in town in the country go fishing lots of agree with pick corn/apples… help…with
日
常
交
际
How are you? Fine, thanks.
Let’s go!
Which would you like better/best,…?
I like…better/best.
I’m going to college/be a farmer…
Don’t you want to be a farmer?
somebody is following us.
语
法
be going to的用法，I’m going to go fishing tomorrow.
What are we going to do next week?
多音节形容词或副词的比较等级的变化
more exciting most delicious
Which do you like best, dogs, cats or chickens?
前者详见“重点难点解析”，后者详见“基础知识精讲”
核心知识
A: Have you ever been to West Hill Farm?
B: No. I've never been to that farm before. What kinds of animals have they got?
A: They've got some beautiful pigs.
B: Really? Are pigs beautiful? I've seen them before, but they weren't beautiful at all!
A： 你曾到过西山农场吗？
B： 不，我以前从来没有去过那个农场。
他们有哪些种类的动物？
A： 他们有一些漂亮的猪。
B： 真的吗？猪会漂亮吗？
我以前见过它们，但它们一点也不漂亮！
【常用单词积累】
fast feed chicken sheep cow grow corn wheat tractor country city bleat（羊小牛等叫） summer winter pick until college also use somebody nobody exciting quickly beautiful interesting have to get home on a farm in town in the country go fishing lots of agree with pick corn/apples（摘玉米/苹果…） help sb. with sth.（帮某人做某事）
【基础知识精讲】
1. I have to get home to do my work.我必须回家做我的工作。
have to意为“必须，不得不”，意思等同于“must”，但“have to”多指客观原因造成不得不做某事，而“must”带有主观性，指主观意识上必须做某事。例如：
① It’s raining now. I have to stay at home.
正在下雨，我不得不呆在家里。
② Sorry，I have to go now.
对不起，我现在必须得走了。
③ Do you have to leave so soon？
你必须这么快就离开吗？
2.Today I must feed the animals.今天我必须喂动物。
feed意思是“喂养、饲养”，feed on意思是“以…为食物”。
例如：
① I feed the Chickens very morning.我每天早上喂这些小鸡。
② The mother is feeding her bady.这位母亲正在喂她的孩子。
③ Cows feed on grass.牛以草为食物。
3. I also live on a farm.我也住在农场。
also，“也”的意思，位于句子中间；“too”，“也”的意思，位于句子末尾，且用于肯定句。例如：
① John is also coming to the party.
约翰也来参加聚会。
② There are also thirty－eight students in our class.
我们班也是三十八位学生。
例句①②可用以下句子改写：
③ John is coming to the party too.
④ There are thirty-eight students in our class，too.
4. John agrees with Ji Wei.约翰同意纪魏。
agree with sb.意思是“同意某人的意见，同意某人所说的话”。
例如：
① I quite agree with you. 我相当同意你的意见。
② Does your father agree with me？ 你的父亲同意我吗？
5. Because I can see lots of animals there.因为在那儿我能看到许多动物。
lots of相当于 a lot of，既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词，常用在陈述句中。而many只能修饰可数名词，much只能修饰不可数名词。
例如： many，much常用在疑问句，否定句中。
① Can you see many stars in the sky at night？
晚上你能看见天空中许多星星吗？
② Is there much bread in the shop？
商店里有大量的面包吗？
③ He has a lot of money.
他有许多钱。
④ Lots of people go swimming today.
今天有许多人去游泳。
另外，much，a little还可修饰比较级来表示程度。例如：
⑤ This drawing is much better than that one.
这幅画比那幅好得多。
6. I’m going to college.我打算上大学。
college意思是“学院、大学”一般指专业性的学院，一所综合性大学可由几个学院组成。例如：
① a teacher’s college师范学院
② WuHan University Economics college武汉大学经济学院
7. I can learn more about farming.
我可以学到更多的关于农业的知识。
more为many和much的比较级，在此为much的比较级，many和much的最高级为most.例如：
① There are more people in the park today
今天公园里有更多的人。
② I want to learn how to get the most corn and wheat from each field.
我想学习从一块地里如何获得最多的玉米和小麦。
8. 多音节形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成：
① 比较级 more + 原级 如： more interesting更有趣的
more carefully更仔细的
② 最高级（the）most + 原级 如： most delicious最可口的
most dangerous最危险的
【重点难点解析】
1. Do you live on a farm？
Yes，a small one.
你住在农场吗？是的，一个小的农场。
one是指示代词，指代可数名词，如果指代复数名词时，则要用ones.
例如：
① Have another one，Please.请再吃一个。
② I don’t have a colour pencil. Can I borrow one from you？
我没有彩色铅笔，我能从你那儿借一支吗？
③ All of the photos are Jim’s. He takes some very good ones.
这些所有的照片都是吉姆的，他拍了一些非常好的照片。
2. Can I come and help you feed the animals？
我能来帮你，喂这些动物吗？
help sb.（to） do sth.帮助某人做某事。例如：
① He often helps his mother do housework.
他经常帮他妈妈做家务。
② David usually helps Li Lei to learn English.
大卫经常帮李雷学习英语。
此外，help sb.with sth.也有“帮助某人做某事”之意，它与 help sb. do sth..经常可以通用。如例（2）句可改为：
David usually helps Li Lei with his English.
3.They don’t use animals to do farm work any mone.
他们不再使用动物来做农活。
not…any more表示“不再”，相当于no more.例如：
① I don’t go there any more. 我不再到那里去了。
② They don’t live in the country any more. 他们不再住在乡下。
③ I can’t wait any more. 我再不能等下去了。
4.Often Katy reads until late at night.
通常凯蒂读书直到深夜。
（1）until意思是“到…为止，直到”，表示主语发出的动作一直持续到until表示的时间才停止。例如：
① I usually sleep until seven o’clock in the morning on weekends.
在周末我通常睡到早晨七点钟。
② They are going to stay here until saturday.
他们将在这逗留到星期六。
（2）late at night深夜。late表示“晚期的、末期的”。
例如： late in spring晚春（春天的晚期）
late in the September九月下旬（九月的末期）
late in the morning后半早晨（早晨的后段时间）
5.What are you going to do after you leave school？
你离开学校后打算做什么？
“be going to+动词原形”，这一结构表示说话人打算、准备要做某事或表示某事即将发生或肯定要发生，常与 tomorrow，next week等表示将来的时间状语连用。be随着主语的人称和数的变化作相应变化，否定句在be后加否定词not，一般疑问句将be放在句首大写，例如：
① He is going to be here tomorrow.他明天将到这儿来。
② He isn’t going to meet you.他不打算见你。
③ Are you going to visit your uncle next week？
下星期你打算去拜访你叔叔吗？
④ When are they going to start？
他们打算什么时候开始？
典型例题
【课本难题解答】
练习册P89第3题
此题主要考查学生对英语句子结构的掌握及对比较级和最高级的掌握。
1.Li Lei runs faster(要加 er)than Jim.或Jim runs faster than Li Lei.
2.Sara’s room is cleaner than Ted’s.或Ted’s room is cleaner than Sara’s.
3.This dictionary is more expensive than that one.
或 That dictionary is more expensive than this one.
4.She is more tired today than yesterday.
5. West Lake is more beautiful than East Lake.
或East Lake is more beautiful than West Lake.
6.His story is much more interesting than your story.
或 Your story is much more interesting than his story.
7. She works more carefully than me.
这里me是宾语，故不能作主语组成句子 I…
【有关"Unit 4 On the farm" 的教学设计】
教学设计1. We Are Going To Work on a Farm
前言
无
学习目标：
1.词汇
A.单词
四会：hair, outside, nothing, idea, goodbye, bell, sure
三会：gate, pick
B.词组
next week／month, on Sunday evening, quite early, on the road, put on, help…with…, a few,
have a swim, this evening
2.句型
What about…? Get a few bananas for me. The second one is better than the first one. The third one is the best of all. When are you going to leave? We are not going to have any classes. Don't be late. It's time for….
3.日常用语
What are you going to do this evening ? I'm going to have a swim. Where are you going to meet? We are going to meet here. See you here at two. Good idea ! Why don't you come with me? Why not? Nothing much.
4.语法
be going to 打算…，将要…
1)用法：表示将要发生的动作。
2)标志词（信号词）：tomorrow, next…, this afternoon.
3)谓语动词的构成形式：be (am, is, are) going to +动词原形
4)各种句式：
陈述句：
肯定句：I am going to leave here next week.
我打算下周离开这儿。
否定句：He is not going to play games this afternoon.
他今天下午不打算做游戏。
疑问句：
特殊疑问句：What are they going to do tomorrow ?
他们明天要干什么？
一般疑问句：Are you going to sing a song ?
你要唱歌吗？
☆注：be going to中的"be"不是系动词，而是助动词，本身没有实际意义，即不能译成"是"，但其用法与系动词"be"是一样的。即：I am…，You are…, He is….
教案内容：
内容1：教学重点与难点
教学设计2. Working Hard on the Farm
前言
无
学习目标：
教学目标
1.词汇
A.单词
四会:hold,hard,busy,reach,careful,strong
三会: truck,ladder,climb,lift,kilometre,dangerous,
B.词组/句型
pick apples climb the ladder
hold the ladder quite near
get on a bus a few
much bigger lift a basket on to the truck
Don't go too high. I can't reach them.
He's stronger than her. How far is it?
Is Jim picking more apples than Kate?
Who has the most apples, Li Lei,Jim or Lily?
It's dangerous. Some of the apples are hard to reach.
2.日常用语
Nice to see you!
Let's get on the bus.
Please be careful.
Don't worry.
Catch!
3.语法:
Making comparisons做比较
1)规则变化
a few-fewer-the fewest strong-stronger-strongest big-bigger-biggest
2)不规则变化
good-better-best some-more-the most
教案内容：
内容1：教学重点与难点
教学设计3. 初二英语 Lesson 13
学习目标：
New words
out, outside, nothing, idea, sure, goodbye, hair, month, gate
New Phrases
have a swim, at two ( o`clock), outside the school gate, this afternoon, on Saturday night, on Sunday morning, next month, next week, wash your hands, wash my hair, meet my friend, watch TV, help my mother clean the house, do some shopping / washing
Patterns of sentences
1)What about ....?
2)See you here at three.
3)I`m OK.
4)What are you going to do?
5)Where are you going / leaving for?
6)When are you going to meet / work / wash?
教案内容：
内容1：教学过程
教学设计4. 初二英语 Lesson 14
学习目标：
New words
few, could, for, better, best
New Phrases
a few, what about, at two, come with
Patterns of sentences
1)Good idea!
2)That`s good idea!
3)I`m going to the shop / Beijing.
4)I`m going to buy a few ....
5)Get a few / some ... for me.
6)Why don`t you come with me?
教案内容：
内容1：教学过程
教学设计5. 初二英语 Lesson 15
学习目标：
New words
road, help, when, quite, bell, pick,
New Phrases
help ... with, put on one`s clothes, pick apples,
Patterns of sentences
1)Don`t be late!
2)It`s time for class.
3)It`s time for going home.
4)It`s time to leave.
教案内容：
内容1：教学过程
教学设计6. 初二英语 Lesson 16
学习目标：
New words
sixteenth
New Phrases
be going to leave / to do / to meet, nothing much, at four, at the gate, next Monday
Patterns of sentences
1)Good idea!
2)Nothing much.
3)Where are you going to meet?
4)When are you going to leave?
5)What are you going to do tomorrow?
教案内容：
内容1：教学过程
教学设计7. 初二英语 Lesson 13
前言
教具
录音机；准备一些画有各种动作的图片(参照本课第1、2部分列出的动词短语)，如一时不好找，可参照第一册第七十八、八十六、一百一十等课中插图绘制简图。
学习目标：
1．词汇(略)。
2．句型：
1)What about you？
2)What are you going to do this evening？
I’m going to have a swim．
3)-Where are you going to meet？
-We’re going to meet here．
3．语法：
to be going to＋动词原形的用法。
教案内容：
内容1：初二英语 Lesson 13
教学设计8. 初二英语 Lesson 14
前言
教具
录音机；三支钢笔，带有不同价格的标签，标签要制作得醒目；两组图片(参照课本第2部分中后两组插图制作；小黑板。)
学习目标：
1．词汇(略)。
2．句型：
1)Why not？
2)Why don’t you come with me？
3)The second one is better thanthe first one．
4)The third one is the best of all．
3．语法：
1)继续学习形容词比较级、最高级用法；
2)继续学习to be going to＋动词原形用法。
教案内容：
内容1：教学过程
教学设计9. 初二英语 Lesson 15
前言
教具
录音机。
学习目标：
1．词汇(略)。
2．句型：
1)When are you going to leave？
2)We’re not going to have any classes．
3)It’s time for…
4)It’s much better than having classes．
3．语法：
继续学习to be going to＋动词原形的用法。
教案内容：
内容1：教学过程
教学设计10. 初二英语 Lesson 16
前言
教具
录音机；音标卡片、小黑板等。
学习目标：
2．语法：
1)小结本单元所学to be going to＋动词原形的用法；
2)小结本单元出现的形容词比较等级的规则变化和不规则变化。
教案内容：
内容1：教学过程
教学设计11. Unit 4 We're going to work on a farm！
教案内容：
内容1：重点难点
内容2：教学过程
常见问题1: 初二英语上学期第四单元1
问题：
阅读
JiaWei lives on a farm. The farm is not big. His parents grow rice and wheat. They don’t use animals to do farm work any more. Today they use a tractor. It works faster and better. After JiaWei does his work in the fields，he likes to sit and look at the blue sky and the green hills. He thinks the country is more beautiful than the city. In the city，he can’t hear the animals. In the country，he can hear birds singing and sheep bleating.
1.JiaWei lives on a s farm.
2.He d like the city.
3.The sheep are b on the farm.
4.The city is l beautiful than the country.
解答:
答案：
1.small 2.doesn’t 3.bleating 4.less
此题要注意对作者用意的理解，注意将对文章的理解转化成另一种相近意义的理解，如：第1小题，文中说农场不大，也即为“小”，故第1空填为small(小)。
常见问题2: 初二英语上学期第四单元2
问题：
句型转换
Mr. Zhang works most carefully in his factory.（2000年大连中考）
Mr. Zhang is ____ ____ than any other workers in his factory.
解答:
分析
答案： more carefully.原句中使用的是最高级形式。在第二句中 any other workers in his factory是排除了主语的一个整体，视为两者之间的比较，应使用比较级形式。
常见问题3: 初二英语上学期第四单元3
问题：
He is ____ than I.
A.very taller B.much taller C.very taller D.a little tall
解答:
分析
答案：（B），than是比较状语从句的典型标志，比较级前可用much或a little来修饰表示程度。
常见问题4: 初二英语上学期第四单元4
问题：
－Which would you like， tea or milk？（河南）
－________.
A. Yes, thank you B. Tea, please.
C. Yes，please D. Sure，I’d love to.
解答:
分析 答案：（B），在回答时应明确表明喜欢哪一种。
常见问题5: 初二英语上学期第四单元5
问题：
December is the t and last month of the year.（2000年武汉中考）
解答:
分析
答案： twelfth.第十二，序数词。
课后练习1：课后练习
同步练习
1.找出下列单词中划线部分读音不同的选项
( ) 1) A. moon B. food C. foot D. room
( ) 2) A. house B. about C. loud D. could
( ) 3) A. put B. nut C. bus D. cup
( ) 4) A. third B. other C. nothing D .month
( ) 5) A. bell B. seven C. next D. when
2.用所给词的适当形式填空
1)Xiaoming often (get) up at 6:00. Now he (get) up. Tomorrow is Sunday.
He (not get) up at 6:00. He (get) up at 7:00.
2) Mr and Mrs Green (watch) TV now? No, they aren't. They usually (read) news papers in the evening. But tomorrow they (watch) a football match(比赛) on TV.
3)-Where the children (meet) next Saturday?
-In the park.
-How they (get) there?
-By bus.
3.单项选择
1)Excuse me. Could you get some apples me ?
A. to B. for C. on D. with
2)It's time have lessons. Let's go.
A. to B. at C. for D. ／
3)-How are you today? - .
A. How are you? B. Certainly
C. How do you do ? D. Fine, thanks.
4)Look, the twins flowers in the garden.
A. is watering B. are watering
C. is going to water D. are going to water
5)This shirt is good. That one is .
A. good B. much better C. best D. well
6) They are going to pick pears .
A. next week. B. now C. every week D. on next week
7)- are you going to buy school things?
-In the shop.
A. What B. Where C. When D. Who
8)-It's time to have lunch.
- .
A. Thank you B. Not at all C. Sure D. I'm coming
9)There are only people in the shop today.
A. a few B. not much C. a little D. no
10)My little brother is two years than I.
A. small B. smaller C. younger D. young
4.完形填空
It is a 1 day today. The children 2 going to 3 on the 4 . They are going to 5 oranges.
Look! Here's the farm. The children begin to pick the 6 . some are 7 the oranges on the tree 8 .are carrying the oranges to the trucks. They are 9 when they are working.
They are 10 working very hard on the farm.
1) A. fine B. early C. well
2) A. am B. is C. are
3) A. play B. work C. see
4) A. house B. factory C. oranges
5) A. eat B. buy C. pick
6) A. pears B. apples C. oranges
7) A. pick B. to pick C. picking
8) A. They B. Any C. Others
9) A. singing B. dancing C. working
10) A. any B. every C. all
答案
1. C D A B B
2. 1) gets , is getting , is not going to get , is going to get
2) Are…watching , read , are going to watch
3) are…going to meet , are…going to get
3. B A D B B A B D A C
4. A C B C C C C C A C
课后练习1：课后练习
同步练习
1.找出与所给单词划线部分读音不同的选项
1.than A.man B.that C.any D.dad
2.short A.walk B.long C.fourth D.autumn
3.know A.son B.hold C.October D.road
4.wash A.want B.what C.watch D.water
5.farm A.parent B.hard C.car D.class
6.nothing A.some B.most C.another D.come
2.用括号内词的适当形式填空
1.There are ______ apples in the first bag. There are ______apples in the second bag than in the first one.(many)
2.The white car is ______. The red car is _______than the white one. The black car is the _______ of all.(good)
3.Who is _________, Li Lei or Wei Hua? (busy)
4.Who has the ________ books, Sam, Kate or Jim? (few)
5.I have many friends, but Jane is my ______friend.(good)
3.单项选择
1.Lily抯 shoes are ______ dearer than Lucy's.
A.very B.more C.much D.most
2.We _________working hard on the farm.
A.do all B.all are C.all D.are all
3.I think Xiao Mao's basket is _______ ______ Da Mao's.
A.heavyer than B.heavier than
C.heavier then D.heavyer than
4. ________ students like asking questions in class.
A.A few B.Much C.Little D.Any
5.The boy usually ________ the bus at 3:30 and ________ at 4:15 every afternoon.
A.gets in…gets down B.gets off…gets on
C.gets on…gets from D.gets on…gets off
6.Excuse me!_______ is the library _______ the bus stop?
A.How far…to B.How long…from
C.How long…from D.How far…from
7.There are many apples _____ the tree.
A.on B.in C.to D.from
8.They are going to the Great Wall _____________.
A.on the next week B.in the next week
C. next week D.the next week
9.______ is the nicest girl at the party?
A. When B.Who C.Why D.How many
10.-______ are you going to the farm?
-By bus.
A.How B.Which C.When D.Where
4.就划线部分提问
1.He is going to see his teacher this afternoon.
__________________________________________
2.The tall girl has the most pears of all.
___________________________________________
3.Jim's mother is younger than Wu Dong's.
___________________________________________
4.The students are going to help workers with their work in the factory.
____________________________________________
5.The little girl are picking flowers in the garden.
____________________________________________
5.阅读理解
The biggest and strongest animal on land is the elephant(大象). The largest and heaviest animal in the sea is the whale(鲸). It's also the biggest eater in the world. It eats the most food-a ton(吨) of food a day. It looks like a fish, but it is really a mammal(哺乳动物).
1.What is the biggest animal on land?
___________________________________
2. What kind of animal is the whale?
____________________________________
3. Why is the whale the biggest eater in the world?
_______________________________________
4. What does the whale look like?
课后练习1：课后练习
一、[单项填空]：
( ) 1．John agree__ me. We both live
A．to B．with C．of D．on
( ) 2．He thinks the animals __ the farm are better than those in other places.
A．on B．in C．to D．with
( )3．Every one knows tractors are much better than animals for____.
A．a farm B．farm
C．farming D．fields
( )4．Kate is younger than Lucy. Lucy can pick__ apples than Kate.
A．many B．more
C．most D．some
( )5．You must wait__me and you must wait__ the bus stop.
A．for ; at B．for ; for
C．/ ;in D．for； nearer
二、[单项填空]：
( )1．Is he heavier than _____ ？
A．Tom's B．them
C．our D．her
( )2．Who has __ bananas, Polly or Mimi？
A．few B．fewer
C．the fewer D．the fewest
课后练习1：课后练习答案
一、解：
①选B。
②选A。
③选C，介词后加动词ing形式。
④选B，比较级。
⑤选A。
二、解：
①选D。
②选B，选择疑问句，两者选择用比较级。
课后练习1：课后练习
一、[单项填空]：
( )1．Stop __ to me.
A．to talk to listen
B．talking to listen
C．talking talking
D．to talk to listen
( )2．A：Is he ill？
B：Yes, but _________ than before.
A．well B．good C．better D．fine
( ) 3．We can go swimming in__but can't in__ in big rivers.
A．summer winter
B．winter winter
C．spring spring
D．autumn summer
二、[用所给词的正确形式填空]：
1．This pen is very__, but that one is (cheap)
2．Who is __( tall)in your class？
课后练习1：课后练习答案
一、解：
①选B，stop doing表示停止做某事。
②选C，比较级。
③选A。
二、解：
①填cheap、cheaper
②填the tallest
课后练习1：课后练习
一、[单项填空]：
( )1．He runs than his sister.
A．slowly B．slower
C．more slowly
( )2．Jim is student in class.
A．good B．better C．the best
( )3．My garden is____beautiful than yours.
A．much B．much more
C．very
二、[单项填空]：
( )1．Betty studies __ than I.
A．hard B．harder
C．more hard D．hardest
( )2．Mike runs______in our class.
A．fast B．very fastest
C．the fastest D．faster
( )3．Does Wei Fang read English____in her class？
A．best B．better
C．well D．the betterv
课后练习1：课后练习答案
一、解：
①选B，用比较级形式。
②选C．用最高级形式
③选A，用比较级形式。
二、解：
①选B，用比较级形式。
②选C，用最高级形式。
③选A，用最高级形式。