科目 英语
年级 高一
文件 high1 unit7.doc
标题 Book One
章节 第七单元
关键词 内容
一、掌握本单元出现的单词和词组：
shake, forever, plate, while, movement, earthquake, gap, scientist, sound like, cut off, stay up, fall off, for a while, as many as等等。
二、学会本单元出现的日常交际用语：
Were you in…at the time of…? Sure I was, I’ll never forget that.
What was it like? Very strange. It sounded like… What happened next?
三、知识重点与难点分析：
1．What does “quake” mean, as in the word “earthquake”? 像earthquake这个词中的quake是什么意思？as in the word “earthquake” 是一个省略结构，相当于as it (quake) is in the word “earthquake”, as在此句中是连词，作“如”，“像”解。as可以作连词，介词，和关系代词，现将as的用法小结如下：
1）作连词，作“当…的时候”，“一边…一边”解，引导一个时间状语从句。例如：
I saw him as he was getting off the bus. 当他下公共汽车的时候，我看见他了。
As he grew older, he became less active. 当他长大一点儿的时候，他变得不活泼了。
He looked from behind from time to time as he ran. 他一边跑，一边时不时的回头看看。
2）作连词，作“由于”，“因为”解，引导原因状语从句。意思与becanse相近，但因果关系上不如because强烈。多用于句首，相当于since; seeing that, 例如：
As he wasn’t ready in time, we went without him.
由于他没有及时准备好，我们就去了，没有等他。
As you were not there I left a message. 因为你不在那里，我留了个信儿。
As she has been ill perhaps she’ll need some help. 她由于生病可能需要些帮助。
3）作连词，引导方式状语从句，或比较状语从句，作“如”，“像”解，例如：
Please do as I’ve told you to. 请按照我告诉你的那样去做。（方式状语从句）
Leave it as it is. 让它保持原状，不要动它。（方式状语从句）
He isn’t as old as he looks. 他不像看上去的那样老。（比较状语从句）
This box is not so big as you think it is. 这个盒子并没有你想的那么大。（比较状语从句）
4）作连词，引导让步状语从句。作“虽然”，“尽管”解。相当于although。例如：
Young as he is = ( Although he is young ), he already knows what career he wants to follow.
他虽然岁数还小，但对要从事的职业已胸有成竹了。
Tired as he was = ( Although he was tired ), he still went on working.
他虽然很累了，但他仍继续工作。
Much as I like you = ( Although I like you very much ), I will not marry you.
我虽然很喜欢你，但我不愿同你结婚。
5）作介词，意思是“如”，“像”，“作为”等，例如：
They got united as one man. 他们团结得像一个人一样。
I regard him as my best friend. 我把他看作是我最好的朋友。
Why is he dressed as ( like ) a woman? 他为什么打扮得像一个女人？
English is spoken as the first language by most people in Australia.
在澳大利亚，大多数人把英语作为第一语言。
6）作关系代语，引导定语从句，作“正像…一样”解，指主句所表达的整个内容。例如：
Taiwan is a part of China, as is known to all. 人所共知，台湾是中国的一部分。
As we all know, oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.
正如我们所知道的那样，海洋覆盖地球70%以上。
2．In an earthquake, the earth shakes. And so do you, if you are afraid, and if the earthquake is a big
one. 在地震时，地球颤动。如果你害怕，并且是大地震，你也会颤动。
And so do you. = And you also shake. 句中so作“也是如此”解。用来表示某人也有前面所说的情况。do代替前面的动词shake，这样可以避免不必要的重复。例如：
“I like playing football.”──“so do I.” “我喜欢踢足球。”──“我也喜欢（踢足球）”
If you can do this work, so do I. ( = I can also do this work.)
如果你能做这个工作，我也能做（这个工作）。
注：在 “…and if the earthquake is a big one.” 中的and if之间，可以看作是省略了so do you
这个主句，意即: “You also shake if the earthquake is a big one.”
3．It sounded like a train that was going under my house.
那声音听起来就像我的房子底下有一列火车开过似的。
sound在句中是用作连系动词，作“听起来”解，后面的介词短语“like a train”用作表语。sound后面形容词，名词（代词）或介语短语。例如：
Your explanation sounds reasonable. 你的解释听起来很有道理。
How sweet the music sounds! 这音乐听起来多么悦耳！
Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法听起来不错。
Her words sound like a poem. 她的话听起来像一首诗一样。
4．I was in the kitchen cooking something and I felt the floor move.
我正在厨房做着饭，觉得地板在移动。
feel在此句中是及物动词，作“感到”解，后跟复合宾语（feel sth do/doing sth）。例如：
We felt the house shake/shaking. 我们感到房子在摇动。
I felt my heart beating fast. 我感到心脏在剧烈地跳动。
He felt himself getting younger and younger. 他感到自己越活越年轻。
She felt something touch her left foot. 她感到有东西碰了她的左脚。
5．And then I watched all the glasses that were on the table fall off onto the floor.
然后我看到桌子上所有的玻璃杯都掉到地板上了。
1）that were on the table是定语从句，修饰先行词glasses，因先行词前有all修饰，所以关系代词通常用that，而不用which。
注意在定词从句中，关系代词指物时，以下三种情况通常只用that，而不用which：
①先行词为everything, all , nothing, anything, little, much等不定代词时；
②先行词被all, no, any, little, much, some等词修饰时；
③先行词被序数词，形容词最高级，the only, the very, the same, the last所修饰时；例如：
Is there anything (that) I can do for you? 看什么事需要我帮你做吗？
I told her all (that) I had done. 我告诉了她我所做的一切。
This is the very book (that) I’ve been looking for for years.
这正是我多年来一直在寻找着的那本书。
The smallest living things that can be seen under a microscope are becteria.
能够在显微镜下看到的最小的生物是细菌。
2）注意句中的“watch all the glasses…fall off…”的结构，watch是及物动词，后跟复合宾语（watch sth do/doing sth）。类似的词组还有，see sth do/doing sth, hear sth do/doing sth, feel sth do/doing sth等。
3）注意句中“…onto the floor”与“on the floor”的区别。前者意思是“到地板上”，而
后者意思是“在地板上”。例如：
He jumped off the boat onto the riverbank. 他从船上跳到了河岸上。
He jumped off the bank onto the boat. 他从岸上跳到了船上。
The house moved and a few pictures fell off the wall onto the floor.
房子晃动了，有几张图片从墙上掉到了地板上。
6．At 5:13 on the morning of April 18th , 1906, … 1906年4月18日早上5点13分…
1）注意英语和汉语在表达时间上的不同之处，汉语是由大到小（年、月、日、时），英语则正好相反。
2）在早上/下午/晚上，用in the morning/afternoon/evening. 但是具体指某一天的早上/下午/晚上，就用介词on，而不用in。例如：
on Sunday evening 在星期日晚上
on a winter morning在一个冬天的早晨
on the afternoon of June 4th 在6月4日下午
7．The number of people who lost homes reached as many as 250,000. 无家可归的人数多达25万人。
as many as意思是“和…一样多”，可译作“多达…”，“…之多”。例如：
The great fire burned down as many as twenty buildings. 那场大火烧毁的建筑物达20栋之多。
As many as 15,000 people have left their homeland. 离开故土的人多达15000人。
类似的结构还有as long as, as high as , as tall as, as wide as等。例如：
This kind of fish can grow as long as 15 feet. 这种鱼可以长到15英尺长。
He can jump as high as 1.8 metres. 他跳高可以跳到1.8米。
8．A wide and busy road which was built like a bridge over another road fell onto the one below.
一条像桥一样建在另一条路上方的宽阔而车辆川流不息的马路坍塌到了下面的路上。
one是代词，在句中代替road，指桥下的那条路。如果是代替复数介数名词，则应用ones。它常用来代替上文提到的某个名词，以避免重复。例如：
I don’t like this hat. Please show me another one.
我不喜欢这顶帽子，请再给我拿一顶看看。（one代替hat）
Which pen is yours, this one, that one or the one on the table?
哪支钢笔是你的，这支，那支，还是桌上的那支？（one代替pen）
Many people were killed in their cars, but a few lucky ones were not hurt.
很多人被压死在自己的汽车里，但也有少数幸运的人没有受伤。（ones代替people）
The question that he asked at the meeting was an easy one.
他在会上提的那个问题，是一个很容易回答的问题。（one代替question）
9．The Pacific plate is moving very slowly－at 5.3 centimetres a year.
太平洋板块移动得很慢--每年才移动5.3公分。
1）句中的介词at表示“速度”，“速率”，作“以…速度”解，相当于介词短语at the speed/rate of… 例如：
The train travels at (the speed/rate of ) 50 miles an hour. 火车以每小时50英里的速度行驶。
If you walk at (the rate/speed of ) 3 miles an hour, it will take you a whole day to get there.
如果你以每小时3英里的速度行走，你将要花一整天的时间才能赶到那里。
2）5.3读作“five point three”；28.9读作“twenty--eight point nine”；76.24读作
“seventy--six point two four”。
10．As a result of the movement of these plates. 由于这些板块的移动。
as a result of…= because of… 作“由于…的结果”解，例如：
He was late as a result of the snow. 由于下雪，他迟到了。
The flight was delayed as a result of fog. 因有雾该航班误点了。
As a result of falling off his bike, he was slightly hurt. 由于从自行车下掉下来，他受了点轻伤。
11．First, it is not a good idea to build houses along the lines where two of the earth’s plates join together. 首先，沿着两个板块相接的地带建房是不可取的。
1）句中“where two of the earth’s plates join together”是定词从句，关系副词where引导一个定词从句，修饰先行词lines。where在定词从句中作地点状语。例如：
Do you know the house where they used to live? 你知道他们过去住过的那栋房子吗？
This is the factory where my father worked ten years ago. 这就是我父亲十年前工作过的那家工厂。
2）句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后边的动词不定式短语“to build houses…”。例如：
It is better to build houses on rock not on sand. 最好把房屋建在岩石上，而不要建在沙地上。
It is very important for us to study English well. 对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。
It is a good habit to get up early in the morning. 早晨早起是个好习惯。
12．Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.
不结实的建筑物在地震中会倒塌，而结实的建筑物则可能安然无事。
stay up (not go to bed; remain in a position where put, built, etc; not fall or sink or be removed )
作“不去睡”，“处于原位不动”，“不倒”，“不被移动”解。例如：
She promised the children they could stay up for their favourite TV programme.
她答应孩子们可以晚点儿睡，看他们最喜爱的电视节目。
Tell the servant to stay up until I get home. 告诉佣人等我回来再睡。
Don’t stay up late at night next time. 下次不要再晚上熬夜了。
The pine trees still stayed up after the storm. 那些松树暴雨过后仍然挺立。
The picture only stayed up a few hours, before it was stolen.
那张画帖上去没几个小时就被人偷走了。
I’m surprised some of the cheap houses stay up at all after the earthquake.
那些质量差的房子地震后仍然没有倒塌，我感到很惊奇。
13．Scientists are afraid that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit the area around San Francisco. 科学家们担心，有一天旧金山一带还会发生更大的地震。
1）one day可以表示（过去）某一天，也可表示（将来）某一天。指几天前的一天也可以用the other day。指将来有一天也可以用some day。例如：
One day, I was about to do some shopping when he telephoned me.
一天，我正要去买东西，他打电话找我。
I hope I will be able to go to Beijing to see him one day.
我希望总有一天我会去北京见他的。
2）hit是及物动词，作“打”，“撞”，“袭击”解，例如：
She hit him on the head with a book. 她用一本书打他的头。
I was hit by a falling stone. 我被一块落下的石块击中了。
Another snowstorm hit North America. 又一场暴风雪袭击了北美。
Television has hit the cinema industry very hard. 电视的出现沉重地打击了电影业。
14．The population in and around San Francisco is now ten times more than it was in 1906.
旧金山市区和郊区的人口现在已比1906年的人口多10倍。（是1906年人口的11倍）
句中的times作“倍数”解，如表示甲比乙大（高，长，宽等）几倍，应在倍数表达形式的后边加比较级形式。如表示甲是乙的几倍大（高，长，宽等）时，应在倍数表达
形式的后边加同级比较形式。试比较：
Line AB is three times longer that CD. AB线段比CD线段长3倍。
Line AB is four times as long as CD. AB线段是CD线段的4倍长。
Your school is twice larger than ours. 你们学校比我们学校大2倍。
Your school is three times as large as ours. 你们学校是我们学校的3倍大。
The train runs at least 6 times as fast as the boat. 火车的速度至少是小船速度的6倍。
The train runs at least 5 times faster than the boat. 火车的速度至少比小船快5倍。
They produced 40% more cotton last year than they did in 1997.
去年他们的棉花产量比1997年的产量增加了百分之四十。