Reading 预习案
Task one Choose the best answers
1. Dolly the sheep __________
A. looked exactly like the sheep that provides the egg.
B. was the exactly copy of the sheep that provides the nucleus.
C. look like the sheep that gave birth to it.
D. had the characteristics of all the three sheep.
2. How many female sheep are involved in the cloning? ___________
A. Four. B. Three. C. Two. D. One.
3. In the second paragraph, the word “straightforward” means ____.
A. uncomplicated B. honest C. frank D. difficult
4. Which of the following is not an advantage of cloning?
A. Cloning can be used for medical purposes.
B. Large quantities of food can be produced by cloning.
C. Famous persons who have passed away can be cloned.
D. Cloning can help keep animals from becoming extinct.
5. Which of the follow is NOT a problem or danger of cloning mentioned in the text?
A. Evil leaders may want to clone themselves.
B. Animal clones may develop the illness of older animals and may die younger than the donor animals.
C. There are moral objections to cloning human beings.
D. Too much cloning may lead to the destruction of the balance of nature.
6. The sheep that donated the somatic cell most probably live_____ years.
A. 3 B. 6 C. 9 D. 13
7. What is the writing style?
A. Expositive. B. Descriptive. C. Argumentative.
8. The writer’s reaction towards cloning is____
A. Positive B. Negative C. neutral /Objective
Task two Find the phrases in the text and remember them
1.从---受益(P10下) __________________ 2.问题出现(P10下) __________________
3.与…完全相同_________________
4. 从生长着的植物上剪下枝条来______________________________________________________________________
5. 在性别和相貌上完全相同_____________________________________________
6. 自然克隆现象______________________ 思考： 人造克隆__________________
7. 两大用途___________________________________________________________
8. 用来生产大量的供商用的植物_________________________________________
9. 科学家的决心和耐心最终得到了回报___________________________________
10. 从…中取出（2个 图下小字）________________ ________________
11.关注着首例成功的克隆动物的进展_____________________________________________________________________
12. 令人烦扰的消息_____________________13. 使沮丧_____________________
14. 适合于---的；适当的________________________________________________
15. 一方面….另一方面….. ______________________ ________________________
16. 引起了一阵强烈反对________________________________________________
17. 对媒体产生巨大的影响______________________________________________
18. 打开人们对…的眼界________________________________________________
Task three Fill in the blanks
Cloning is a way of making an_________ copy of another animal or plant. It can be used to clone plants and ___________. Cloning plants is _____________ while cloning animals is very _____________. However, the determination and patience of the scientists ________ _______with the birth of Dolly. But then came the _____________news that Dolly had become seriously ill. The fact ________ Dolly lived six, half the length of the life _________ __________ the cloning scientists. Dolly’s appearance _______ a storm of objections and had a great __________on the media and the public imagination. Scientists still wonder ____________cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.
Reading 课内探究案
【自主学习】
I. What is the main idea of the passage?
The passage tells us that____________ cloning raised ______________and scientists are not sure about its_____________.
III. Fast reading: True or false.
1. Cloning means making a copy of an animal or a plant. ( )
2. Gardeners can make a lot of money by cloning plants. ( )
3. Cloning animals is as complicated as cloning plants. ( )
4. Dolly the sheep was the first successful clone of a mammal. ( )
5. Natural clones happen in animals as well as in plants. ( )
IV. Number the main ideas of the paragraphs.
___.Cloning has two major uses and successful clone.
___.Cloning is a way of making an exact copy of another animal and plant(definition)
___. The effect of Dolly.
___. It is forbidden to clone human beings.
___.The problems of Dolly.
【合作探究】
Step one Find answers to the following questions
1. Read para1 and answer the following questions.
1) What is cloning?
2) How cloning happens in plants?
3) What about in animals?
2. Read para2 and answer the following questions.
1) What are the two major uses of cloning?
2) Why is it easier to make commercial plant clones than animal clones?
3. Read the procedure of cloning Dolly the sheep and translate it into Chinese.
4. Read para3 and 4 and finish the following table.
Way of birth
Life span
Cause of death
Reflections on Dolly
5. Read para5 and describe different attitudes towards human cloning..
Step two Discussion
Read the whole passage again and fill in the following chart.
Problems or dangers of cloning Advantages of cloning
Step three Translation
1. Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay.
2. It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones. It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg.
3. But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough-the cloning of Dolly the sheep.
4. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly’s illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal.
5. The questions that concerned all scientists were: “Would this be a major difficulty for the cloned animals? ……”
6. On the other hand, Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.
7. It suddenly opened everybody’s eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illness and even to produce human beings.
8. Governments became nervous and more conservative. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide.
【精讲点拨】
1. It is a difficult task to undertake. 译文：__________________________________________
句中it 是形式主语吗？_________ 它具体指代什么？__________________________
划线部分做什么成分？______________________
2. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 译文： _____________________________________________________________________ 本句是部分倒装还是全部倒装？_____ 什么规则让它倒装？____________________________
that 引导________ 从句，可以省略吗？________
3. Could it be solved if corrections were made on their research procedure?译文： _____________________________________________________________________
4. Find a sentence to replace the following one:
Suddenly human beings realized that they may cure serious illnesses or clone themselves by means of cloning.
_____________________________________________________________________
【课后延伸】Improve your writing ability:
写作情景：今天我们班同学讨论了有关克隆的问题。同学们热烈发表了评论和表达了自己的看法；他们主要有两种不同的意见：
写作内容：
支持者认为克隆利大于弊，克隆技术是21世纪人类科学的伟大突破。人类可以利用克隆技术培养大量品质优良的动植物；挽救珍奇濒危动物；调节大自然的生态平衡；可以研制高水平新药解决人类各种疾病等。
反对者认为克隆会导致动物早衰、夭折；无计划的克隆动物会破坏生态平衡，导致一些疾病的传播;邪恶分子可能克隆自己，给人类带来灾难等。
同学们利用你课本中所接触的词汇和句式，学习正常的英式表达，让自己体会一下英语写作带来的成功。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Words and expressions
【课内探究案】
Step one Words
1. differ V 不同，相异
In pairs, look at these pictures and discuss which ones are natural clones and which ones are man-made. Explain how they differ.（课文原句）
1） Humans differ from other animals in their ability to speak .
2） The two lawyers differed about how to present the case .
归纳：
1) differ from… ____________(汉语)
2) differ in … _____________
3) differ with sb about/on sth .____________
即时应用：
Leaves are found on all kinds of trees ,but they differ greatly _______size and shape.
A. on B . from C .by D. in
用介词 from, with, on, about, upon 或 in 填空。
1) We differ _________ him _________ that question.
2) The two nations differ _____________culture and religion.
3) The climate here differ ___________ that of the South.
2.undertake v.着手 ；从事
The procedure is difficult to undertake, of course.（课文原句）
1) I can undertake the responsibility for the changes.
我愿意承接这项变革的责任。
2) He undertook to be our guide .
归纳：
undertake sth 承担某事
undertake to do sth 许诺做某事/ 同意做某事
undertake that …保证…
undertaking ( n ) 用单数/任务/事业/保证
即时应用：完成下列句子。
(1) He will ___________________ next month (去旅行).
(2) He ________________________________ (承担了一项新任务).
3.forbid vt.禁止，不准，不许
Governments became nervous and many forbade research into human cloning.各国政府恐慌不安, 有许多政府命令禁止克隆人类的研究。（课文原句）
1） Smoking should be forbidden in public places.公共场所应禁止吸烟。
2）Lack of space forbids further treatment of the topic here.因篇幅所限，此处不便对本题作进一不步阐述。
3）Her father forbids her wine. = Her father forbids her to drink wine.
forbid sth. / doing sth./ sb. to do sth./ sb. (from)doing sth./ sb. sth/ that…(should) do
即时练习：完成下列句子
(1) The school ___________________________________ (禁止学生吸烟).
(2) He is forbidden to _______________________________ (进入这个房间).
4.obtain vt 获得，得到。
近义词辨析：obtain, acquire, get, gain
obtain knowledge (result, prizes ,approval)获得知识（结果，奖品，承认）经过努力获得。get 为最常用语，gain 指需要做出比obtain 更大的努力才能获得，还有增加重量之意。acquire 指经过努力获得的语言，技术等抽象的东西。
即时练习：
1） 用这种方法，你可以得到好的结果。
__________________________________
2） No pains, no __________.
Step two Phrases
1. cast down 沮丧 ，不愉快
Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly’s illness were more appropriate to a much older animal.
归纳拓展
be cast down = feel discouraged cast away丢弃, 抛弃, 使失事, 使漂流
cast off 放弃；丢弃, 摆脱 cast out赶走, 驱逐
即时练习：
将下列句子译成英语
(1) 听到这个消息他很沮丧。
________________________________________________
(2) 发现事情的真相使他很沮丧。
________________________________________________
2.pay off 得到好结果，取得成功，偿清
1）Two hundred workers have been paid off .
2) Lily studied hard before the exam, and it paid off, he made an A.
归纳拓展：
pay sth off 还清 pay sb back for sth 因….报复/惩罚某人 pay sb back sth 还某人某物 pay for sth 付…的钱
将下列句子译成英语
(1) 下周我将还你的钱。 ____________________________________________
(2)___________________(他的努力没有白费)when the girl accepted his proposal .
【检测讲义】
一、单词拼写
1. The brothers d_____ widely in their tastes.
2. The question is quite s_______ , while that one is much more complicated.
3. It is quite d_____ to hear the bad news.
4.The film was a _____ (商业的)success.
5.I’d like to come, too, if you have no _____(反对).
二．句型转换
1.At the beginning, he was against my proposal. However, in the end, he changed his mind.
At first he hesitated about my suggestion , but he _____ ______ agreed.
2.Later they learnt that an earthquake had taken place in that area.
Then ______ _____ _____ that the area had been hit by an earthquake.
3.Although he was not strong, he joined in the work.
_____ ______ _____ weakness, he took part in the work.
4.We are still far from being able to clone extinct animals.
We are still _____ _____ _____ from being able to clone extinct animals.
5.They don’t know if the new policy is in their favor.
They _____ _____ this new policy can bring benefit to them.
三．翻译句子
1. 人与动物的不同之处在于人能说话。（differ）
2.他为克隆承担全部责任。 （undertake）
3.作为惩罚，他被禁止克隆人类。 （forbid）
4.受到这样的惩罚，他很沮丧。 （cast down ）
5.最后他的努力没有白费。 （pay off ）
Using language
【课前预习案】
Step one Important words and expressions:
1. vt 打；击__________________ 2. initial _____________________
3. vt. 抵抗：抵制_____________ 4.reasonable__________________
5. n. 缺点；不利条件___________ 6.from time to time_____________
7. vt 崇拜；爱慕______________ 8. in vain______________________
9. Phr. 状况很好/坏____________ 10. bring back to life _____________
Step two Crazy reciting
1. From time to time people suggest that extinct animals like dinosaurs, can possibly be brought back to life through cloning.
有人不时建议，像恐龙那样已灭绝的动物可能会通过克隆使之复生。
2. All efforts of cloning an animal will be in vain if there’s not enough diversity in the group to overcome illnesses.
如果某个动物群体没有足够的多样性以战胜疾病，那么克隆这种动物的所有努力都将是无用的。
a) But in fact we are a long way from being able to clone extinct animals.
但事实上，要想克隆绝种动物，我们还有很长的路程要走。
b) Unfortunately, with what we know now, this is either impossible or unsuitable.
不幸的是，据我们现在所知这是不可能的，也是不合适的。
自主学习
Read the text and finish the three questions:
Give reasons why it is either impossible or unsuitable to clone extinct animals
Reason 1:_________________________________________________________
Reason 2:_________________________________________________________
Reason 3:_________________________________________________________
合作探究
Step one Read the text, and then tell whether the following sentences are true or false.
1. Scientists are still experimenting with cloning mammals because they think it can
make money.
2.The animals that have disappeared from the earth, like dinosaurs, can be brought
back to life through cloning.
3. If we can clone any extinct animals, we should let them live in a zoo.
Step two Analyze and translate the following sentences.
1. The popularity of films such as Jurassic Park, in which a scientist clones several kinds of extinct dinosaurs, proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into people’s hearts.
___________________________________________________________________
2. The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.
____________________________________________________________________
仿造例句：他不想上大学的原因是如果他上学去了，将没人照顾他生病的妈妈。
The reason ______________________________________is __________________, no one can look after his sick mother.
3. Based on what we know now, you cannot done animals that have been extinct longer than 10, 000 years.
_____________________________________________________________________ 精讲点拨
Words and phrases
1． strike vt, vi (struck. struck) 打；撞击
课文原句：The popularity of films such as Jurassic Park, in which a scientist clones several kinds of extinct dinosaurs, proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into people’s hearts.
（1） The clock has just struck three. ____________
（2） They struck for better working conditions._____________
（3） The area was struck by an outbreak of cholera._______________
（4） An awful thought has just struck me.
（5） Struck by her beauty, I fell in love with her at the first sight._____________
（6） Strike a match____________
（7） Strike while the iron is hot. __________________________________
2.resist vt 对抗；抵制
课文原句：The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to their children.
pass on…to…________________resist v ___________
resist sth. __________________resist doing sth. ___________________
can’t resist doing sth. _____________________
3. in vain 白费力气；枉费心机
课文原句：All efforts of cloning an animal will be in vain if there is not enough diversity in the group to overcome illnesses.
In vain did they try to persuade her to go
归纳:____________________________________
有效训练.
1. 他体重超重，健康状况不佳。
He is overweight and ________________________.
2. 我们所有的努力都付诸东流。
_________________________________________________________________
3. 我突然想到我们如何能改善局面了。
___________________________________________________________________________
Unit 2 Book 8 Cloning
Reading 预习案
Task one 1-8 BBACDDAC
Task two 1. benefit from 2. problems arise 3. an exact copy of 4. take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones 5. identical in sex and appearance 6. natural clones man-made clones 7. two major uses 8. use it to produce commercial quantities of plants 9. at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off 10. remove … from take … out of 11. follow the progress of the first successful clone 12. the disturbing news 13. cast down 14. be appropriate to 15.on the one hand … on the other hand 16. raise a storm of objections 17. have a great impact on the media 18. open everybody’s eyes
Task three exact; animals; straightforward; complicated; paid off; disturbing; that; cast down; raised; impact; whether
Reading 课内探究案
【自主学习】
I. animal; arguments; future
II. FTFTT
III. 2. 1. 4. 5. 3
【合作探究】
Step one
1. 1）Cloning is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant.
2) It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones.
3） It happens in animals when identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg.
2. 1) Firstly, gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of plants. Secondly it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals.
2) Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated.
4.
Way of birth Cloning
Life span Six and a half years
Cause of death Illness appropriate to a much older animal
Reflections on Dolly Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. It suddenly opened everybody’s eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illness and even to produce human beings.
5. Religious leaders raised normal questions. Governments became nervous and more conservative. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, but other countries like China and UK continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide. Some evil leaders hoped to clone themselves to attain their ambitions.
Step two Discussion
Problems or dangers of cloning Advantages of cloning
Animal clones may develop the illness of older animals. Medical cloning could produce cures for serious illness in humans.
Animal clones may die younger than the cloner animals. Cloning plants can produce plants of similar quality for sale.
Evil leaders may want to clone themselves. Cloning plants can be useful for research on new plant species.
There are moral objections to cloning human beings. Cloning can help save endangered animals.
Step three Translation
1. 克隆一直与我们同在，而且它还要持续下去。
2. 当园艺师从生长着的植物上剪下枝条来培植新植物时， 就会产生这种现象。这种现象也发生在动物身上，从用一个原生卵子产生性别和相貌相同的双胞胎也是克隆。
3. 但是，科学家的决心和耐心最终得到了回报，这就是1996年具有突破性的克隆羊“多莉”的诞生。
4. 接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。研究克隆的科学家发现多莉得的病更容易发生在年老的羊身上，这让他们很沮丧。
5. 科学家们的脑海里产生的问题是“这是不是所有克隆动物的一个主要困难呢？这种现象会不会永远发生？如果改进研究程序，问题会不会解决？”
6. 另一方面，多莉羊的出现引起了一阵强烈的反对，对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了极大的影响。
7. 它突然打开了人们的眼界，看到了有可能利用克隆技术来治疗重病，甚至还有可能克隆出人类。
8. 各国政府惶恐不安而且更加谨慎。有些政府开始改革司法制度，明令禁止进行克隆人类的研究，但是其他国家，如中国和英国，则仍然在继续收集克隆技术有可能提供丰富的医疗救助的证据。
【精讲点拨】
1. 那是一项很难完成的任务。不是，指代cloning animals，后置定语。
2. 接着传来了多利病重的坏消息。全倒装，当表示方位或时间先后的副词放句首，谓语动词是不及物动词时，通常使用全部倒装。同位语，不可。
3. 如果改进克隆程序，问题能否被解决呢？
4. It suddenly opened everybody’s eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illness and even to produce human beings.
【课后延伸】
Today our class had a heated discussion about cloning, during which we are eager to give our own comments on its problems and express our own opinions. Generally, we have the following two major different opinions:
Some students who are for cloning think it brings more advantages than disadvantages. In their opinion, cloning is a great breakthrough in human scientific world of 21st century. Human beings can use it to produce quantities of good plans and animals, to save rare and endangered species, to keep the balance of nature and to develop new medicines for kinds of human illnesses.
While the rest oppose cloning, thinking it results in the early death of animals. They hold the opinion that cloning animals without plan can destroy the balance of nature and spread some illnesses. Some evil leaders may clone themselves by means of it and lead to a great disaster to human beings.
Words and expressions
【课内探究案】
differ from …不同于 2.differ in …在…不同，相异 3.differ with sb about/on sth 与….在哪方面有差异
即时应用：
1.D （1）with /about (2) in (3) from
2.undertake V 即时应用
（1）He will undertake a journey.
(2) He undertook a new project.
3.forbid
即时应用（1）forbids smoking (2) enter the room
4.obtain
1)By this means ,you obtain good results .
2)No pains ,no gains .
Step two Phrases
cast down
Hearing the news ,he was cast down .
He was cast down to find the truth .
pay off
1)I will pay you back next week .
2)His efforts paid off ….
【检测讲义】
一．单词拼写
1. differ 2.straightforward 3.disturbing 4.commerical 5. objection
二．句型转换
1.at last 2.came to the news 3.Despite of his 4.a long way
5.wonder whether
三．翻译句子
Humans differ from other animals in their ability to speak .
He undertook full responsibility for cloning .
He was forbidden to clone humans as a punishment .
He was cast down because of the punishment .
At last ,his efforts paid off .
Using language
【课前预习案】
Step one 1. strike 2. 最初的；开始的3. resist 4. 合理的5. drawback 6. 不时7. adore 8. 枉费心机 9. in good/poor condition 10. 使复活
自主学习
I. 1. You need perfect DNA
2. There is not enough diversity for cloned animals to overcome new diseases.
3. It would be unfair to clone any extinct animals if they would have to live in a zoo.
合作探究
Step one. FFF
Step two.
1. 在《侏罗纪公园》这部影片中，有一位科学家克隆了好几种不同的绝种恐龙。 类似这样的电影受欢迎，证明了这一想法使人们感到既兴奋又恐惧。
2. 其优点是，如果发生了某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死去，而另外一些却能存活下来，而且把这种免疫力传给下一代。
The reason why he doesn’t want to go to college is that if he does, no one can look after his sick mother.
3. 就我们现在所知，你不可能克隆那些已经绝种了一万年以上的动物。
精讲点拨
Words and phrases
1.1)报时，敲响 2)罢工 3)（灾难，疾病等）侵袭，爆发 4)想起，想到 5）被…打动 6）划火柴 7）趁热打铁
2. 传递; 留给
抵制；阻挡某事
resist doing sth. 反对做某事
can’t resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事
3.in vain 放在句首，句子用部分倒装
有效训练
1. is in poor condition
2. All our efforts were in vain.
3. It struck me how we could improve the situation.