数 词
我们学过两类:基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少,而基数词用于表示次序,常在日期中出现。区别:基数词前面没有“the”;序数词前一定要有“the”。
1. 最基本的基数词如下表所示:
1~10 1 one 2 two 3 three 4 four 5 five 6 six 7 seven 8 eight 9 nine 10 ten
11~19 11 eleven 12 twelve 13 thirteen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen 16 sixteen 17 seventeen 18 eighteen 19 nineteen
20~100 20 twenty 30 thirty 40 forty 50 fifty 60 sixty 70 seventy 80 eighty 90 ninety 100 one hundred
*基数词的写法 :21~99 的两位数,十位与个位之间用连字符“-” 基数词的写法 。
例:21 twenty - one 32 thirty - two 99 ninety – nine
百位数:个位数基数词形式加“hundred” ,表示几百,在几十几与百位间加上 and。
例:101 a hundred and one. 320 three hundred and twenty 648six hundred and forty-eight
2.序数词的构成 .
1)一般来说,是由相应的基数词加词尾 th 构成。例, four+ th--- fourth six + th --- sixth seven + th --- seventh ten + th --- tenth
2)下面这些基数词在变为序数词时,有特殊的变化。例, one --- first two --- second three --- third five--- fifth eight --- eighth nine --- ninth twelve --- twelfth
3)十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词 y 变成 i,然后在加 eth.例, twenty --- twentieth thirty --- thirtieth forty --- fortieth ninety --- ninetieth
4) 两位或两位以上的基数词变为序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词。例, twenty –one ------ twenty- first thirty-five ------thirty-fifth a hundred and fifty-three ------- a hundred and fifty- third
*基数词变序数词的口诀:
基变序,有规律;词尾加上 th(fourth, sixth)
一、二、三,单独记;结尾字母 t, d, d;
(first,second,third) 八去 t,九去 e,(eighth,ninth) ;
ve 要用 f 替; (fifth,twelfth)
整十基数变序数,ty 将 y 变成 i ;
th 前面有个 e;
要是遇到几十几,前用基来后用序。
3 分数
a) 分数的分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示,如果分子大于1,则分母用序数词的复数形式表示。
b) 1/2,one half, 2/3, two-thirds, 1/3, one-third, 1/4 , one fourth (one quarter), , three-fourths
注意
1、“前有,后无;前无,后有”
即 two hundred books
hundreds of books
2、分数:分子用基数词,分母用序数词;
分子大于一, 分母加 s
3、如 eight-year-old 的词后面要加名词
4、“在某人几十岁时”用 in one’s +整十的复数
如:in her fifties, in their thirties
5、表示“ 多高、多宽、多长、多深,年龄少大、
距离多远”时,用“数量+单位+形容词”
如:two months old, twenty meters deep
6. 时间的读法:
5:10, 11:30, 8:46 (顺读法)
8:05, 10:15 11:45 (逆读法)
7.日期的表达:
先掌握12个月份,星期 的写法与读法 ,实记基本的几个序数词
3月1日 :( 读法与写法)
表达日期,序数词可缩写
1 , 2 , 3 ,4 , 20 , 21 , 22 ,23 ,24
日期的写法:英语“月 日 年”
2011-7-19 :
练一练
练习:
一、请翻译下列短语。
(1)60名学生 (2)15本英语书
(3)九杯凉水 (4)4个孩子
(5)12月31 (6)6月2日
(7)第九周 (8)11+7
二、把下列基数词改成序数词。
one--- two--- three--- nine--- fourteen--- twenty---thirty-five--- five eight
三、根据括号中的数字填写合适的序数词或基数词(写单词)。
1、Bill is (14)years old , he is in Class (2)Grade (6).
2、My birthday is on the (3)of March .
3、September is the (9)month in a year .
4、Which boy is thinner , the (1)one or the (2)one ?
5、There are (55)students in our class .
四 单项选择
( ) 1. We’ve planted _______ trees in the center of
our city this year. (2000)
A. hundred B. two hundreds
C. hundred of D. hundreds of
( ) 2. About ______ films were shown during the
5th Shanghai International Film Festival. (2001)
A. two hundred of B. two hundreds of
C. two hundred D. two hundreds
( ) 3. We’ll have a ______ holiday. What about
going to the West Lake? (2002)
A. two days B. two-day
C. two-days D. two-days’
( ) 4. Now children, turn to page ______ and look
at the _____ picture in Lesson Two. (2003)
A. twentieth; one B. twenty; one
C. twentieth; first D. twenty; first
( ) 5. During the seven-day May Day holiday,
_____ families went sightseeing. (2004)
A. thousand B. thousands
C. thousands and thousands D. thousands of
( ) 6. During World War II, a Jewish (犹太人) lady was
protected by a local family in Shanghai in
her ________. (2005)
A. fifties B. fifty C. fiftieth D. the fiftieth
答案:DCBDD A