词汇导练
1．I was very busy on Tuesday，but my friend came to visit me at such a(n)____________ (不方便的)time.
2．Young people have no respect for ____________ (权威)these days.
3．A ____________ (可靠的)resource told the journalists the hospital would close.
4. I bought this coat at a____________(折扣)．
5．He was accused of using his ____________
(公家的)car for private business.
6．I thought I knew what to do，but now I’m____________(被搞糊涂了)．
7．What is the d____________time of the flight to New York?
8．The sport meet was p____________just because of the bad weather.
9．Why are you making a d____________between men and women?
10．The machine won’t f____________ properly if you don’t oil it.
11．Television violence can encourage____________(aggressive)in children.
12．After an hour’s delay，passengers were becoming____________(patient).
1.possibility/probability 2.physician 3.bestselling4.symptoms 5.annual 6.contemporary 7.purified8.powerful 9.relief 10.inserted 11.length12.arrangement
短语汇集
1．________________ 对……造成破坏
2．________________ 加快……的步伐
3．________________ 危及自己和他人的生命
4．________________ 遇堵车
5．________________ 按折扣价买到某物
6．________________ 负担重
7．________________ 跟上；并驾齐驱
8．________________ 更好地利用
9．________________ 维持秩序
10．________________ 加速
11．________________ 在修理中
12．________________ 使……保持良好状态
1.cause/do damage to... 2.accelerate the pace of...3.risk one’s own life as well as the lives of others4.be caught/stuck in a traffic jam 5.buy sth.at a discount 6.be burdened with a heavy load 7.keep pace with...8.make better use of 9.keep order 10.speed up 11.under repair 12.keep...in good condition
语句试译
1．(回归课本P50)________more advanced ways of digging tunnels were developed，the first railway tunnel under the River Thames was dug in 1884.
随着更先进的隧道挖掘方法的使用，泰晤士河下面第一条铁路隧道于1884年开始挖掘。
2．(回归课本P62)If you are with someone else who has been drinking alcohol，__________________they have had just a couple of beers，do not allow them to drive.
如果你和一直在喝酒的人在一起，即使对方只喝了几杯啤酒，也不要让他开车。
3．(回归课本P53)________do you think________________________travelling on it 100 years ago?
你认为100年前坐地铁旅行会是什么样的？
1.As 2.even if 3.What；it was like
核心知识
1permit vt.& vi. 允许，准许，许可
n． 许可证；执照；通行证
(回归课本P51)Visit our ticket office and buy one of the travel cards that permit you to travel all over the underground system.
请光临我们的售票处，选择购买一张允许你乘坐伦敦地铁系统所有地铁线的乘车卡。
13
归纳拓展
例句探源
①Permit me to lead the way，sir!
先生，请让我来带路吧！
②(朗文P1520)Horseback riding is not permitted in the park.
公园里不允许骑车。
③(牛津P1478)We hope to visit the cathedral，if time permits.
如果时间允许，我们希望能参观一下主教座堂。
1．完成句子
(1)地铁车厢里不允许抽烟。
We do not________ ________in the underground carriages.
答案：permit smoking
(2)警察允许他在那里停车。
The policeman________ ________ ________.
答案：permitted him to park there
(3)你有在池塘里钓鱼的许可证吗？
Have you got________ ________ to fish in this pond?
答案：a permit
2．用permit的适当形式填空：
(1)Time________，we’ll discuss both questions.
答案：permitting
(2)We are________ ________to swim in this river；it’s too dangerous.
答案：not permitted
2dozen n． 一打，十二个；十几个，十来个；许多，好多
(回归课本P53)Another problem was that there were a dozen different lines，which were not linked.
另一个问题是有十几条线路，这些线路都没有连接在一起。
归纳拓展
与具体的数字或a，many，several等词连用时，结构为：
num.(a，many，several)＋dozen＋(复数)n.；
num.＋dozen＋of＋these/those/the/one’s＋(复数)n.。
dozens of表示不限定量，不与具体的数字连用。
例句探源
①(朗文P613)I bought two dozen apples.
我买了两打苹果。
②(牛津P603)They arrived in dozens.
他们大批到达了。
③(牛津P603)I’ve been there dozens of times.
我到那里去过很多次。
3．完成句子
(1)我要五打这种鸡蛋。
I want________ ________these eggs.
答案：five dozen
(2)这玩具是按打卖的。
The toys are sold________ ________ ________.
答案：by the dozen
(3)他干过几十次了。
He did it________ ________ ________.
答案：dozens of times
3aim n． 目标；目的
vi. 目的是，打算；瞄准，对准
vt. 将……瞄准；将……指向
(回归课本P57)The aim of this is to reduce air pollution.
这样做的目的是减少空气污染。
归纳拓展
例句探源
①(2009年高考天津卷)This activity is aimed at improving the students’ ability of listening and speaking.
这项活动的目的是提高学生的听说能力。
②Pop art was an important modern art movement that aimed to show ordinary twentiethcentury city life.
波普艺术是一个重要的现代艺术流派，着眼于展现20世纪普通的城市生活。
③(牛津P42)We should aim for a bigger share of the market.
我们应该努力争取更大的市场份额。
④(朗文P43)The environmental agency is taking aim at a popular but dangerous chemical used by farmers.
环境部门正在针对农民广泛使用一种化学危险品采取行动。
4．-It is reported that the government has lightened the burden on the students.
-Oh，today we are still________from heavy schoolwork________at preparing us for the entrance examination.
A．suffering；aims B．suffered；aimed
C．suffering；aimed D．suffered；aiming
解析：选C。suffer from“苦于……，遭受”；由句子的时态可知第一个空应用现在分词形式；第二个空应用非谓语动词作定语。
4arise vi. 出现，发生；升起
(回归课本P62)The number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has increased greatly over the past year.
在过去的一年中，交通事故数量以及由交通事故所引发的死亡人数急速上升。
归纳拓展
例句探源
①Many questions also arise in the cloning of dinosaurs.
克隆恐龙的过程中也会出现许多问题。
②(朗文P89)Daniel arose at dawn.
丹尼尔天刚刚亮就起床了。
③(牛津P89)Are there any matters arising from the minutes of the last meeting?
上次会议记录方面有无尚待解决的事项？
④The peasants arose against their masters.
农民奋起反对奴役他们的人。
易混辨析
arise from，rise from，result from
(1)arise from的使用范围比较狭窄，在多数情况下都具有特殊的修辞色彩或诗体特色，其主语常常是抽象名词。
(2)rise from“从……升起来，提高；发源于”，比arise from用得更广、更常见，主语多用非抽象名词。
(3)result from因……而产生，则强调动作有某种结果。
5．完成句子
(1)如果有问题发生，请通知我。
If any problems________ ________，please let me know.
答案：should arise
(2)事物的发展源于它的内部矛盾。
The development inside a thing________ ________the contradiction.
答案：arises from
6.His failure in the physics exam arose________his lack of carefulness.
A．out B．from
C．at D．in
解析：选B。arise from由……引起。句意：他在物理测试中的失败是由于缺少细心引起的。故B正确。
7.A completely new situation will________when the examination system comes into existence.
A．arise B．rise
C．raise D．arouse
解析：选A。raise和arouse为及物动词，在此语境中应用被动，rise的主语一般为具体名词，此处主语为situation。故B可排除，选A。
5take notice of 注意，注意到，关注
(回归课本P57)They have done so in the hope that people will take notice of the problems caused by poisonous smoke and gas from cars.
他们这样做希望人们注意到汽车所产生的有毒烟雾和气体所带来的问题。
归纳拓展
take note of 注意到；将……铭记在心
take account of考虑到，顾及
take charge of负责，掌管
take control of控制住，管住
例句探源
①(牛津P1361)Take note of what he says.
牢记他说的话。
②He took charge of the farm after his father’s death.
他在父亲去世后掌管了农场。
③(朗文P438)Israel took control of the zone in 1985.
以色列在1985年控制了该地区。
8．完成句子
(1)别去理会他们说些什么。
Don’t________ ________ ________ ________what they say.
答案：take any note of
(2)只要有可能，这家公司总是尽量考虑到环境问题。
The company________ ________ ________environmental issues wherever possible.
答案：take account of
(3)她毕业后，掌管了公司。
She ________ ________ ________the company after graduation.
答案：took charge of
6make up for 补偿，弥补
(回归课本P57)Then I thought I could have a relaxing weekend to make up for all my hard work，....
我认为我可以过一个轻松的周末来弥补我所付出的努力了，……
归纳拓展
(1)make up sth.指补上、补做耽误了的事情。 (2)make up for sth.指用其他方式弥补，使平衡。
例句探源
①(朗文P1246)The bus driver was speeding to make up for lost time.
那个公共汽车司机正在加速行驶以补回失去的时间。
②(牛津P1222)Nothing can make up for the loss of a child.
失去一个孩子是任何东西都无法弥补的。
9．用make up或make up for的正确形式填空
(1)你认为她的美丽能弥补她的愚蠢吗？
Do you think her beauty could________ ________ ________her stupidity?
答案：make up for
(2)你在期末考试时生病了，所以你得补考。
Because you were ill，you will have to________ ________the final exam.
答案：make up
7in addition to 除……之外，包括
(回归课本P59)In addition to the frequent fast ferries to ports in Weihai and Yantai，there are slower ferries to Shanghai，Qinhuangdao and Inchon in Korea.
除了有驶往威海和烟台港口定时的快速渡轮外，还有驶往上海、秦皇岛和韩国仁川的慢速渡轮。
归纳拓展
常见的表示“除……之外”的表达法：
(1)in addition to表示“除……之外还”，一般位于句首。
(2)besides表示“除了……还有”。
(3)except表示“排除……在外”。
(4)如果从整体情况来看，要排除其中的部分特殊情况用except for，其中“除外”的事情或人往往是不同的；如果是将不包括在内的某事或某人排除在外，使用 except。
(5)except that后跟从句且that不能省略。
(6)apart from重在强调既含有“除了……还有”，也含有“排除……在外”之意。
例句探源
①(牛津P23)There is，in addition，one further point to make.
此外，还有一点要说。
②You will be paid overtime in addition to your regular salary.
除了正常薪水外，加班费另付。
10．完成句子
(1)课程除了介绍一般的电脑知识外，还提供实际操作的机会。
________ _______/________/________ ________giving a general introduction to computer，the course also provides practical experience.
答案：In addition to/Besides/Apart from
(2)除了托比和珍妮特之外，聚会上还有我们认识的人吗？
Will there be anyone else we know at the party________/________ ________/________ ________ ________Toby and Janet?
答案：besides/apart from/in addition to
(3)除了积满灰尘之外，这房子与我离开时没什么两样。
The house was just as I left it________ ________everything was covered with dust.
答案：except that
(4)除了一位老太太，公共汽车上没有别的乘客。
________ ________one old lady，the bus was empty.
答案：Except for
(5)你可以吃任何一块蛋糕，但这块除外。
You can have any of the cakes________/________ ________this one.
答案：except/apart from
8under repair 正在维修中，在修建中
(回归课本P59)The storms washed away soil along the road and part of the road is still under repair.
暴风雨冲掉了沿途的泥土，部分路段目前仍在修建中。
归纳拓展
under discussion在讨论中
under the circumstances在此情况下，既然这样
under the influence of在……的影响下
under the leadership of在……的领导下
列句探源
①(朗文P1731)Two sections of Highway 101 are under repair.
101公路有两段正在修理中。
②(牛津P569)The plans have been under discussion(＝being talked about)for a year new.
这些计划至今已讨论一年了。
③Under the circumstances，it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.
在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。
④She was charged with driving under the influence.
她被控酒后驾驶。
11．完成句子
(1)你的建议正在讨论之中。
Your suggestion is ________ ________.
答案：under discussion
(2)非常抱歉，但在这种情况下，我必须放弃。
I am very sorry but________ ________ ________I must give it up.
答案：under the circumstances
(3)他受到了张教授的影响。
He was________ ________ ________ ________Professor Zhang.
答案：under the influence of
句型解析
【教材原句】 As more advanced ways of digging tunnels were developed，the first railway tunnel under the River Thames was dug in 1884.(P50)
随着先进的挖掘隧道方法的改进，第一条在泰晤士河下的铁路隧道于1884年开始动工。
【句法分析】 此处as引导时间状语从句。
as用作连词，可引导下列状语从句：
(1)引导时间状语从句，强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词的同时性。
(2)引导让步状语从句，“尽管”，“虽然”，“即使”(倒装)。
(3)引导方式状语从句，“以……方式”。
(4)引导原因状语从句(＝since；because)，“由于”，“因为”。
(5)引导比较状语从句。
12.The influence of automobile extends throughout the economy ________the car is so important to American people.
A．then B．as
C．so D．which
解析：选B。考查状语从句。前后句之间构成因果关系，故用as，表示“因为”。
13．(2010年海南加来高三月考)________，his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
A．Strange as might it sound
B．As it might sound strange
C．As strange it might sound
D．Strange as it might sound
解析：选D。考查as引导让步状语从句时的倒装用法。as引导让步状语从句时倒装的基本结构为：形容词/副词/名词(单数可数名词前一般不带冠词)＋as＋主语＋谓语。句意：尽管他的观点听起来很奇怪，但这被出席会议的所有人接受了。
14．It had been a long time________I left my hometwon in Florida.I drove to the town hoping to see the old barber shop________I had my hair cut as a child.
A．that；which B．when；as
C．since；where D．as；that
解析：选C。考查状语从句和宾语从句的引导词。句意：我离开我的家乡佛罗里达州已经好久了，我开车到城里去，希望能看到我小时候在那里理发的那家理发店。第一空处是it be＋时间段＋since引导的状语从句，表示“自从某事发生到现在有多长时间”；第二空用where引导定语从句，修饰shop，在从句中作地点状语。
15.The house was greatly damaged by the truck.We’d better leave things________they are until the police arrive.
A．since B．as
C．though D．unless
解析：选B。考查状语从句。句意：卡车对这座房子造成了严重的损坏。我们最好保持原样直到警察到来。as引导方式状语从句，意为“照……方式”。leave things as they are意为“顺其自然”。
16.________his courage，________I don’t think he acted wisely.
A．Much as I admire；/
B．Much as do I admire；but
C．As I admire much；still
D．Although I admire；but
解析：选A。句意：尽管我很钦佩他的勇气，但我认为他这样做很不明智。as引导让步状语从句时要倒装，本句的倒装结构为：副词＋as＋主语＋谓语。as为连词引导让步状语从句，后面的句子为主句，不加连词。
17．________is often the case with elder people，my grandma talked about my new hairstyle for at least 50 minutes nonstop.
A．That B．Which
C．As D．It
解析：选C。考查定语从句的引导词。表示“正如……”时，只能用关系代词as。as引导的从句放在主句的前面、中间或末尾都可以。