【简介】现在完成时是初中英语中的语法重点之一，是中考英语中考查动词时态的重点之一，也是同学们学习的难点之一，所以掌握好它是非常重要的。
第一展台【动词结构】
have / has +过去分词
说明：第三人称单数用has，其余都用have；规则动词的过去分词与过去式相同，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词过去分词表。例如：I have already cleaned my bedroom. Jim has heard from his father twice.
第二展台【句型结构】
肯定句 主语 + have / has + 过去分词 + 其它
否定句 主语 + have / has+ not + 过去分词 + 其它
疑问句及答语 Have / Has + 主语 +过去分词+ 其它?
Yes, 主语+have / has. No, 主语+have / has not.
第三展台【信息标志】
现在完成时常有already, yet, ever, never, just, before, since..., for..., these days等信息提示词。
第四展台【用法】
1． 表示过去发生或已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 例如：
-Lucy, have you found your ticket?
-Not yet.
2． 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用。例如：
-Do you know Jack well?
-Certainly. We have been friends since ten years ago.
同学们，本单元我们开始学习现在完成时，现在完成的构成是：主语+have / has + 动词的过去分词。 你们知道动词的过去分词是如何构成的吗？动词过去分词的构成分两种情况：规则变化和不规则变化。
１． 规则动词的变化
构成法 例词
1．一般直接在词尾加-ed work-worked, open-opened
2．以e 结尾的词直接加-d live-lived, skate-skated
3．以"辅音字母＋y"结尾的词，改y为i，再加-ed study-studied, hurry-hurried
4．以"元音字母＋y"结尾的词，直接加-ed play-played, stay-stayed
5．以重读闭音节或r 音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed stop-stopped, plan-planned, prefer-preferred
２． 不规则动词的变化，需牢记课本上的不规则动词表。
下面说一下规则动词过去分词－ed的读音，只需牢记以下三条规则：
1) 在/t/, /d/后，读/Ｉd/。例如：start-started /`sta:tId/， need-needed /`ni:dId/
2) 在/p/, /k/, /f/, /t/, /t/, /s/, //, // 等清辅音的后面发/t/。例如：stop-stopped /st pt/, look-looked /lukt/, laugh-laughed /la:ft/, watch-watched /w t t/, fish-fished /fI t/, notice-noticed /`n utIst/
3) 其它情况下一律发/d/。例如：answer-answered /`a:ns d/, live-lived /lIvd/
现在完成时专项训练
一、 选择填空。
1. -Where's Mr Zhang?
-He ________ London.
A. has been to B. has been C. has gone D. has gone to
2. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball?
-________ you ________ your homework yet?
A. Do, finish B. Are, finishing
C. Did, finish D. Have, finished
3. The film ____ for half an hour.
A. has begun B. has been begun
C. has been on D. began
4. -Nice to see you. I ________ you for a long time.
-I ________ in Beijing. I've just come back.
A. hadn't seen, am B. haven't seen, was
C. didn't see, will be D. haven't seen, shall be
5. -____ you ______ a wash yet?
-Yes, I ______ a moment ago.
A. Had, had, washed
B. Did, have, washed
C. Have, had, washed
D. Have, had, have washed
二、 根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1． 吉姆还没有完成他的作业，所以他不能和朋友一起出去。
Jim ________ ________ his
homework ________, so he ____ ____ out with his friends.
2． 自从1982年以来我就一直在这所学校教书。
I ________ ________ English at this school ________ 1982.
3． --史密斯一家人来中国有三年了吗？
--是的。
-______ the Smiths ________ ________China ________three years？
-Yes, they ________.
4． --你到哪儿去了？
--我去图书馆了。
-Where ______ you ______?
-I __ ____ ________ ______ the library.
5． --她父亲入党多久了？
--已有二十年了。
-How long ______ her father ______ a Party member?
-________twenty years.
参考答案：
一、1-5 DDCBC
二、1. hasn't finished, yet, can't go 2. have taught, since 3. Have, been in, for, have 4. have, been, have been to 5. has, been, For