一、单元小结
1、词汇
2、短语
3、交际用语表达打算和计划（Expressing intentions an plans）
4、 语法 (The –ing Form-used as Attribute and Object Complement)
二、重难、难点内容讲解
humor (=humour) 幽默；诙谐；心情；情绪 He has no sense of humour. (感受幽默的能力)
out of humor 心情不好；不高兴 humored adj. 具有心情的
good-humored 情绪良好的 ill-humored 心情不佳的
humorous adj. 富于幽默感的；滑稽的 bitter adj. 苦的;
The soup is bitter.
a bitter pill (to swallow)不得不接受的苦衷
chalk [C & U] 粉笔
① a piece of chalk 一支粉笔 ②a box of coloured chalks 一盒彩色粉笔
③as different as chalk and cheese 截然不同的 ④not by a long chalk 一点也不；丝毫不
The problem isn’t solved yet, not by a long chalk. 问题还没解决，还差得远呢。
intend 想要；打算；
①what do you intend to do/doing today? 你今天打算做些什么？ (intend to do/doing)
②They intend that this reform shall be carried through this year. (intend that…)
他们计划今年完成这一改革。
③I intend them to see the result soon. 我打算让他们早点看到结果。 (intend sb. to do)
④His son is intended for the medical profession. 他计划让他的儿子习医。 (intend for…)
(have a plan for sth. in one’s mind usu. use pass.v 为…而准备；预定)
intention n. 打算；意图；目的
①If I’ve hurt your feelings, it was quite without intention.
如果我伤害了你的感情，那完全是无意的。
②He’s full of good intentions, but can’t really do anything to help.
他虽然一片好心，但是实际上却帮不上什么忙。
certain 确定的；无疑的；某种
There are certain reasons why his temper became very bad.
有某些原因使得他的脾气变的很坏。（某种）
②She is certain to pass the exam. (be certain to do sth.) 她肯定会考试及格。（确定的，无疑的）
③She was quite certain about/of it. (be certain about/of ) 她对此很有把握。（确定的，无疑的）
④We’re not certain where he lives. (be certain that) 我们不敢肯定他住在哪儿。（确定的，无疑的）
⑤We went to the theatre early and made certain we all got seats. (make certain确保；使确实)
我们很早就去剧场，以确保我们人人都有座位。
amuse vt. 使发笑；给…提供娱乐
①We amused ourselves by playing games. 我们玩游戏自娱自乐。（给…提供娱乐）
②His answer amused me very much. 他的回答使我觉得很好笑。（使发笑）
amusement n. 快乐；娱乐；消遣 amusing adj. 引人发笑的；好笑的
be amused at (by, with) 对...感到有趣 appreciate 赏识；了解，理解；感激；增值
①His abilities were not appreciated in his job. （vt. 赏识；欣赏）
② I don’t think you appreciate the difficulties it will cause.
我认为你不完全了解这件事回造成怎样的困难。
I appreciate that this is not an easy decision for you to make.
我完全理解你作出这项决定是不容易的。 （to understand fully; recognize 了解；理解）
③I’d appreciate it if you would turn the radio down. (=please turn it down)
（vt. to be thankful or grateful for 感激） 请你把收音机的音量挑低一些。
④Houses in this area have all appreciated (in value) since the new road was built. vi.（财产等）增值
自从新路修好之后，这个地区的房产都增值了。
appreciation n. 欣赏；赏识；评论；增值
appreciative adj. 感激的；赞赏的be ~ of sth
suffer v. 忍受；遭受…痛苦；容忍
①he died very quickly, he didn’t suffer much.
他死得很快，没有受多少痛苦。（遭受痛苦）
②She was very generous to him but she suffered for it when he ran away with all her money.
她对他非常慷慨大方，但他却把她的钱财席卷一空逃跑了，这使她吃足了苦头。（suffer for sth. 受损失）
③If you break the law, you must be prepared to suffer the consequences.
如果你犯法，你就要准备承担后果。（承受）
④He doesn’t suffer fools. 他对蠢人没有耐心。（容忍，忍受）
⑤She suffers from headaches. 她患头痛病。
suffer from… 为…所苦 esp.over a long period of time
operate v. 运转; 操作；经营；生效，起作用；动手术
①The machine is operating well now. 这部机器现在运转得不错。（运转）
②Do you know how to operate the heating system? 你知道怎么操作这加热系统吗？（vt. 操作）
③Our company operates in several countries. 我们公司在好几个国家有业务活动。（vi. 经营）
operating losses 经营损失
④The new law operates against us. 这项新法律对我们不利。（vi. 起作用）
⑤I’m afraid we’ll have to operate on that patient. 恐怕我们要给那位病人开刀了。（vi. 动手术）
operating system 电脑的操作系统
operating theatre 手术室
operation n. 操作；运转；手术 操作的；有效的；运转的
direction n. 方向；指导
directions（复数形式）指示；说明书
①She drove off in the direction of London. 她驱车朝伦敦方向驶去。(towards London)
②Our company is under the direction of a good manager. 我们公司由一位好经理管理。
③His greatest problem is that he has no sense of direction.
他最大的问题是自己毫无目标。（=lack direction）
④Follow the directions on the paper please. 请按照纸上的用法说明去做。 （复数形式）指示；说明书
rude
不礼貌的；粗鲁的；简陋的
①Don’t be so rude to your father. 不要对你爸爸那样没礼貌！(be rude to sb.)
②It’s very rude of her to leave without telling us.
她不和我们打声招呼就走了，这是非常不礼貌的。 (be rude of sb to do sth.)
三、重难点句子讲解
1、 It’s their clothes, make-up and the way they walk that makes people laugh.
逗人们笑的是他们的衣着、打扮和走路姿势。
It is (was)…that(who)…是个强调句型，用来加强主语、宾语、表语和状语等语气的结构。被强调的部分通常位于It is/was后,that/who前。如果被强调的是人可用that,也可用who;如果被强调的是事或物，则只能用that.
Eg: 我昨天在街上遇到了那位有名的歌手。
①It was I who met that famous singer on the street yesterday. （是我而不是别人遇到，强调主语）
②It was on the street that I met that famous singer yesterday.
（是在大街上而不是在别的地方，强调地点状语）
It was yesterday that I met that famous singer on the street.
（是昨天遇到的而不是别的时间，强调地点状语）
注意：只要把需要强调的部分提到It is/was后that/who前，所以去掉这个句型，原句还是完整的。
I met that famous singer on the street yesterday.
3、 Typical for China is the crosstalk show, where a pair of comedians entertain the audience with word play. 中国喜剧的典型是相声，两个滑稽演员通过玩弄辞藻来逗乐观众。
说明:这是一句倒装句，其主语the crosstalk show, typical 是 adj. 作表语。原来句子顺序是The crosstalk show, …, is typical for China. 由于show后面跟了一句较长的非限定性定语从句，整个句子结构不平衡，所以把表语和系动词前置。
4、Skilled artists make use of all the richness of the spoken language to create a rapid flow of fun.
技艺高超的艺术家利用丰富多彩的口语，创造出连绵不绝的乐趣。
①make use of 利用某事物或某人 (=use)
make（good/full）use of sth. to do/doing
Students should make（full）use of their time to study. 学生们应该（充分）利用他们的时间去学习。
② a flow of 某事物的持续或连续供应。
the constant flow of information 源源不断的信息 cut off the flow of oil 切断石油输送
5、 I decided to look on the whole matter as a great joke!
我决定将整件事情当作一个大笑话。
look on…as… = consider…as
(把…看作…) = regard…as = think of …as = treat… as
Eg:
I looked on it as a great honor. 我把这看作是一种很大的荣幸。
We can’t look on the enemy as friends. 我们不能把敌人当作朋友。
6、The interview went very well. 面试进展得很顺利。
go: 进展，进行，在不同的情况下有不同的译法。
But things do not go according to plan. 但是形势并没按计划发展。
Everything goes well with me. 一切对我来说都很顺利。
When his work wasn’t going right, he was restless.
当工作不顺利的时候，他感到烦躁不安。
7、People make us laugh by making fun of somebody’s way of dressing or telling an amusing story.
（1）make sb./sth. do sth. 常见的使役动词和感官动词如：
make, let, have, feel, listen to, hear, look at, observe, see, notice, watch…等，后面常接省略了to的不定式做其宾语补足语。
Eg: Don’t have him stand outside. 不要让他站在外面。 Let me see. 让我想想。
注意：当以上的词用在被动语态结构中（let 和 have 没有被动式），其主语补足语都要加上to.
Eg: We were made to work more than ten hours a day. 我们过去被迫每天工作十多个小时。
（2）make fun of 嘲笑 =laugh at;play jokes on
Don’t make fun of others. 不要取笑别人。
四、语法讲解
动词--ing形式作定语和宾语补足语
(The –ing Form-used as Attribute and Object Complement)
现在分词作定语，与被修饰的名词有逻辑主谓关系。
1、单个分词作定语常置于被修饰的名词的前面作前置定语，表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的动作。
a sleeping baby一个正在睡觉的孩子 the dancing girl 跳舞的女孩 a flying kite 放飞的风筝
running shoes 跑鞋 a walking stick 手杖 a dancing-teacher 舞蹈教师 a smoking pipe烟斗
Our teacher uses a very good teaching method．
At the foot of the hill there is a natural swimming pool．
2、现在分词短语常置于被修饰名词的后面作后置定语，可以改写为定语从句。
Eg:①A crosstalk show has two speakers making many jokes and funny conversations.
=… who make … 相声里两个人说笑话逗乐子。
②There was another car coming in the other direction. =… which came … 对面来了另一辆车。
③ I know the man standing there.
= I know the man who stands there. 我认识站在那儿的那个人。
现在分词作宾补时，则表示宾语正在进行的动作，它常用在see, watch, notice, hear, feel,get, keep, have等动词的后面。 Eg: ①Neighbors watched him dropping something heavy into the river.
邻居们看见他把一些重东西扔到河里去了。
②We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 我们可以看见蒸汽从湿衣服里冒出来。
③At one moment in a show, you can hear the audience laughing loudly.
演出期间，偶尔可以听见观众大笑。
1、European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
2、A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _____ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
3、He saw some people ____in a restaurant, talking to one another.
A who was sitting B. were seated C. who were seating D. sitting
4、On hearing the sound, the birds flew away in every _____
A. way B. direction C. place D. side
5、We’ve ______ you to do those for one of your friends who can help you.
A. promised B. allowed C. hoped D. intended
6、He _______ a little hero.
A. looked up as B. looked on as C. was looked on as D. was looked up as
7、The ______ boy was last seen _______ near the East Lake.
A. missing; playing B. missed; playing C. missed; played D. missed; to play
8、I appreciated _______ the chance to study abroad two years ago.
A. having been given B. having given C. to be given D. to have been given
9、The next morning she found the man _____ in bed, dead.
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
10、There was a terrible noise ______ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
答案
:1、A 2、B 3、D 4、B 5、D 6、C 7、A 8、A 9、A 10、B