Warming up/Listening/Speaking
1. The conversation Workshop is taught on Wednesday afternoon.
conversation n.
释义: a spoken exchange of thoughts, opinions, and feelings; a talk 谈话
例句 ①I had a long conversation with your teacher.
我和你们老师进行了长时间的谈话。
②He was deep in conversation with his accountant.
他与会计深入交谈.
辨析: conversation & talk & chat
conversation通常指亲切的交谈, 常为交流思想或情况为目的。
talk作不可数名词是指说话这一活动的词。talk作可数名词,通常指在普通场合对少数人发表的简短讲话;而作复数是指政治家之间在庄重的场合中进行的严肃谈话。chat是亲切的交谈, 通常指交流个人的情况。
例句①It can be very difficult making conversation at a party.
在聚会时有时很难找话题。
②We had a long talk.
我们谈了很长时间。
③I had a long chat with her about her job.
关于她的工作，我和她聊了很久。
考例：
workshop n.
释义: ①An educational seminar or series of meetings emphasizing interaction and exchange of information among a usually small number of participants
研习会，讨论会
②room or building in which machines, etc are made or repaired 车间
例句① She is in charge of a theatre workshop.
她负责一个戏剧研讨班.
② She’ll attend a poetry workshop.
她将参加一个诗歌研讨班.
③ John is in the workshop.
约翰在车间。
The library is open on Saturday from 8:30am to 10:00 am.
词组: be open to sb. 对……开放
例句: The swimming pool will be open to the public before long.
这游泳池不久将开放.
2. The Group of Eight consists of the eight richest countries in the world.
词组: consist of 由……组成,相当于be made up of。
例句:①.The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
英国由大不列颠王国和北爱尔兰组成.
②Her diet consisted mainly of bread and vegetable.
她的饮食主要由面包和蔬菜组成.
考例： It’s a simple dish to prepare, mainly _____rice and vegetables.
A. consisting of B. made up for
C. made from D. consisting in
3. Do island nations have advantages over other countries?
advantage n[C]
释义: a beneficial factor or combination of factors 有利条件
词组: ① have an advantage over
释义： have the condition or circumstance that gives one superiority or success. 有优势
② have the advantage of sb.
释义： be in a better position than sb, esp. in knowing sth. that he does not know.
占上风（尤指知其所不知）
③take advantage of sb./sth.
释义： make use of sth. well, properly 充分利用
例句①Linda has an advantage over an opponent.
琳达有超越对手的优势。
②He has the advantage of a steady job.
他有工作稳定的有利条件。
③We should take advantage of all educational opportunities.
我们应该利用一切教育机会。
考例： The of booking tickets in advance is that you get better seats.
A. bad B. good C. disadvantage D. advantage
His height and reach give him a big advantage ______other boxers.
A. at B. in C. over D. of
Try to reach agreement on the main points.
agreement n.
释义: harmony of opinion; accord 一致
reach agreement 达成一致意见
例句: ①The two sides were unable to reach agreement.
双方不能达成一致意见.
②They have reached an agreement about the plan.
他们在这个计划上意见一致了。
拓展: 反义词: disagreement n
释义：a failure or refusal to agree 未能达成一致;拒绝达成一致;不同意
动词: agree vt.
释义：To grant or concede 同意；赞同
反义词: disagree vt.
释义：to have a differing opinion 意见不同;有分歧;不同意
例句①We have been having a few disagreements in the committee lately.
我们委员会中近来发生了一些争执。
②My parents agreed that we should go.
我的父母亲同意我们去同意
③I disagree with you about this.
对于这件事我跟你意见不同。
考例： __ main points, they haven’t reached agreement.
A. For B. On
C. With D. To
They think it is just a matter of looking at maps carefully and remembering …
词组: a matter of 一个……的问题
例句①Don’t worry; it’s only a matter of time.
不用担心, 这只是时间问题。
②It’s only a matter of time before the police get him.
警察抓住他只是时间问题。
拓展: in the matter of
释义：concerning sth 与……有关
as a matter of fact
释义：in reality 实际上
例句①I want to speak to her about my salary.
我想跟她谈谈我的薪水问题。
②I’m going there tomorrow, as a matter of fact.
说实话，我明天要去那里。
4. Aren’t you confusing…?
confuse vt.
释义: to make sb. unable to think clearly; puzzle; bewilder 使(某人)弄糊涂;使迷惑; 使为难
例句①We tried to confuse the enemy.
我们试图迷惑敌人。
②I was confused by all the noise.
一片嘈杂声把我弄得昏头昏脑。
考例：
Reading
1. The idea that England stands for Fish& Chips, Speakers’ corner, Big Ben and the Tower of London is past.
句中that引导的从句是同位语从句，它一般跟在某些名词如belief, fact, hope, idea, news, problem…的后面，用以说明或解释前面的名词。引导同位语从句的连词在从句中不充当句子成分.引导同位语从句的词最常见的是连词that,
此外还有连接副词how, when, where, why等。
例句① The possibility that people would have to share rooms was not mentioned.
要共用房间的可能性没有被提到。
②I have no idea when Jack will be back.
我不知道杰克什么时候回来。
③He can’t answer the question how he got the money.
他不能回答他怎么得到钱的。
词组： stand for
释义： represent sth. 代表某事物
例句①I condemn fascism and all it stands for.
我谴责法西斯主义及其所代表的一切。
②The letters BBC stand for British Broadcasting Company.
字母BBC代表英国广播公司。
考例：
2． Within Great Britain for many years now, there has been a growing movement to make the most of its cultural diversity---to see it as it really is: a nation of different countries hold together by a common language and culture.
(1)词组： make the most of
释义： profit as much as one can from sth./sb. 从某事、某人处获得尽可能多的好处
例句①We should make the most of the chance.
我们要充分利用这个好机会.
②Do you know how to make the most of the computer for your study?
你知道如何充分利用电脑来学习吗？
(2)结构: do sth. as it is
释义：taking the present circumstances into account 按照事物的原样做某事
例句①Tell her the news as it is.
不消息原原本本告诉她。
②A witness must state the facts as they are.
目击者必须如实阐述事实。
(3)词组: hold together 保持完整,保持团结
例句 ①The Party always holds together in times of crisis.
这个政党在危急时刻总是保持团结。
②The country needs a leader who will hold the nation together.
这个国家需要一个能团结全国人民的领导者。
考例：
The UK is a nation of different countries______ by a common language and culture.
A. join together B. held together
C. hold together D. made up of
3. The largest island is called Britain, which is separated from France by the English Channel, which at one point is only 20 miles away.
（1）上句含有which引导的两个非限制性定语从句,先行词分别是Britain和the English Channel.
（2）separate: vt.
释义: to set or keep apart; disunite
分隔；使隔开
词组: separate…from… 把……和……隔离开
例句① The two children separated at the end of the road.
两个孩子在路的尽头分手了。
②This patient should separated from the others.
这个病人应该隔离。
辨析:separate from & divide into
Separate from强调把相邻或相近的不同物品分开; divide into指把整体分成不同部分。
例句①The Taiwan Straight separates Taiwan from the mainland.
台湾海峡把台湾岛和大陆分开。
②He divided the apple into two halves.
他将苹果分成两半。
（3）词组: at one point 意为 “在某处,一度”.point可为复数.
例句: ① Our boss is not satisfied with you at one point.
在某一点上, 我们老板对你不满意。
②Cretty was at one point fired by his company.
Cretty一度差一点被公司解雇了。
Between Britain and Ireland in the Irish sea, lies the small Isle of Man.
To the southeast of Britain lies the Channel `Islands.
以上两句都是倒装句.表示地点的介词短语或副词here, there, in, out , down, away, back, now, then等放在句首,主语是名词,句子要用全部倒装。
例句① South of our school lies a restaurant.
学校南面有一家餐馆.
②Away went the crowd one by one.
人们一个一个地离去.
考例：In the eastern part of New Jersey , a major shipping center.
A. lies the city of Elizabeth
B. the city of Elizabeth lies there
C. where lies the city of Elizabeth
D. there lying the city of Elizabeth
Key: A
4. In general, Scotland is colder throughout the year, and receive more rain.
in general
释义：mainly.; mostly; usually 一般地；大体上；通常
例句 ①In general, your plan is practical
大体上说, 你的计划很实际.。
②In general her work has been good, but this essay is dreadful.
总的来说，她的作品不错，但这篇文章糟透了。
考例： 20.He didn't go into detail on the subject, he spoke .
A. in common B. in particular C. in general D. in short
5. The culture of the people was influenced by the culture of the people in the European mainland.
influence
释义:① vt. to produce an effect on by imperceptible or intangible means; sway.
感化;影响
②n. a power affecting a person, thing, or course of events, especially one that operates without any direct or apparent effort
影响;感化力
例句① My teacher influenced my decision to study science.
我的老师对我学理科的决定起了影响作用。
②It’s clear that her painting has been influenced by Picasso.
她的画显然受了毕加索的影响.
③My teacher's influence made me study science at college.
由于我老师的影响，我上大学学了理科。
④Many a woman has had civilizing influence upon her husband.
许多妇女对其丈夫有影响。
辨析: influence & affect
affect是指产生足以引起反应的某种作用。
Influence指使行动、思想、性格或举止产生变化。
例句① The climate affected the amount of the rainfall.
气候影响了雨量。
② Don’t be influenced by the bad examples.
不要受坏样子的影响。
考例： Violence on TV may turn out to be a strong on some young people.
A. influential B. impression C. influence D. fluent
Key: C
Their languages formed the basis of English.
basis n.
释义: a foundation upon which something rests基础
例句①What is the basis of your opinion?
你的观点的根据是什么？
②Rates of work are calculated on a weekly basis.
工资是以周为为计算基准的.
词组: on the basis of … 在……的基础上
例句: On the basis of those facts, we can reach the following conclusion.
在这些事实的基础上,我们可以得出以下结论。
辨析: base & basis
base主要指物体基础。
basis用来指非物质方面的基础。
例句 ①That company has offices all over the world, but their base is in Paris.
这个公司的办事处遍布全世界，但本部在巴黎。
②The coccyx is a small bone at the base of the spine.
尾骨是脊骨底部的一块小骨。
③Their arguments have firm basis.
他们的论据有坚实基础。
④There is no scientific basis for these claims.
这些主张没有科学根据。
考例：
6. In 1066 England was conquered by the French.
conquer vt.
释义: ①to defeat or subdue by force, especially by force of arms
征服
②to overcome or surmount by physical, mental, or moral force克服
例句①According to the textbook of history, the Normans conquered England in 1066.
据历史书记载诺曼底人于一零六六年占领了英格兰。
②I finally conquered my fear of heights.
我终于克服了我的惧高症
③Modern medical science has conquered many diseases.
现代医学征服了许多疾病。
辨析: conquer & defeat
conquer强调“把对方征服”，而且被征服者或被征服的国家为征服者所有，可以任意支配。
defeat 的含义是“打败”，但被打败者不一定服输。
例句①Some countries may be defeated but can never be conquered.
有的国家可能被打败，但决不能被征服。
②The public bet a lot of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated.
公众为门杜萨下了一大笔赌注，但是他被击败了。
7. The result of this French influence was that the English language ended up with many French words such as table, animal and age.
词组: end up with 以……结束
例句① His first experiment ended up with failure.
他的第一个实验以失败结束.
②The meeting ended up with the singing of Auld Lang Syne.
大会以唱“友谊地久天长”结束。
考例： At the dinner we usually soup and fruit.
A. begin with; end up with B. begin with; end with at
C. end up with; begin with D. end up with ;begin at
8. Scotland joined later in 1707, while the southern part of Ireland was only part of the UK for some time, and is now an independent republic.
independent adj.
释义: not governed by a foreign power; self-governing 独立的，自治的
例句: Zimbabwe became independent in 1980.
津巴布韦于一九八零年独立。
拓展： independence n.
释义：the state or quality of being independent独立
例句This country gained its independence in 1960.
这个国家在1960年获得独立。
The smaller islands, such as the Isles of Man, are neither part of the United Kingdom nor independent.
neither…nor…是一个连词词组,作 “既不……也不……”解.用来连接两个并列的成分。
例句①We had neither money nor food.
我们既没钱,也没食物。(连接两个并列宾语)
②They neither smoke nor drink.
他们既不抽烟也不喝酒。 (连接两个并列谓语)
③Neither John nor Mary was interested in the lecture.
约翰和玛丽对这个讲座都不感兴趣。 (连接两个并列主语)
注:1. neither…nor…, not…but…(不是……而是……), not only…but also…(不但……而且……), either…or…(或者……或者……)等并列连词连接两个并列主语时, 谓语动词应和邻近的主语在数上取得一致.
例句:① Not you but your father is to blame.
不是你, 而是你父亲应该被责备。
②Either you or I am to do the work.
要么你,要么我做这项工作。
2. as well as(也,而且), together with(和……一起), rather than(不是), except(除了)出现在主语位置上,谓语应与前面的主语保持一致。
例句: I as well as they am to help you.
不仅他们,我也愿意帮助你。
9. There are six spoken languages that are considered to be native to the British Isles as well as two local accents.
accent n. [C]
释义: national, local or individual way of pronouncing words 口音,腔调,土腔
例句: ① He speaks with a strong southern accent.
他说话带有很浓的南方口音。
②She told me her story in broken accent.
她泣不成声地告诉我她的经历。
They realise that it is of great value to record and teach them to the younger generation.
上句that引导的宾语从句中it是形式主语, 真正的主语是to record and teach them to the younger generation.
结构: be+of+n.= be+adj.of可以和help, importance, value, age, size, color, weight, shape, height等名词连用,表示具有某方面的特征.
例句: ①The meeting is of great importance.=The meeting is very important.
会议很重要。
②A college education is of great value in one’s life.= A college education is valuable in one’s life.
高等教育在人生中很重要。
考例： You will find this map of great in helping you to get around London.
A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness
Key: C
Integrating skills:
1. 1.In the eighteenth century Englishmen started developing interest to travel around the British Isles and describe the countryside, the cities, the people and their life and culture.
develop vt.
释义: To come to have gradually; acquire:
逐渐拥有；获得
例句: He developed a taste for opera because of his father .由于他的父亲,他逐渐获得了对歌剧的鉴赏力.
They developed a friendship when they traveled to Australia.
他们在去澳大利亚旅游途中发展了友谊.
2. There could be as many as six hundred thousand sheep fed within six miles of Salisbury, measuring everyway round and the town in the center.
fed within six miles of Salisbury 为过去分词短语作后置定语。
例句:
measuring every way round and the town in the centre. Ving短语作定语.
“以索尔兹伯里市为中心的六英里范围内”
measure: vt.
释义: to ascertain the dimensions, quantity, or capacity of sth 测量
例句①The largest measured wave in history rose in the Pacific Ocean to a height of thirty-four meters.
历史上所测到的最大波浪在太平洋中高达三十四米。
②Mother measured me to see what size of dress I should have.
母亲给我量尺寸，好知道我该穿多大号的衣服。
考例：
3. As we traveled through this country, we saw many old relics from ancient times and ruins of the native population of this kingdom .
relic n[C]
释义: Something that has survived the passage of time, especially an object or a custom whose original culture has disappeared.
遗迹
例句They dug out many unearthed relics.
他们挖出了很多出土文物.
ruin n[C]
释义: a destroyed person, object, or building 捣毁的东西
Often ruins refer to the remains of something destroyed, disintegrated, or decayed.
常作 ruins指被毁坏、瓦解或腐烂的某物的遗迹。
Vt. to destroy completely; demolish 彻底破坏；毁灭
例句①Professor William studied the ruins of ancient Greece.
威廉教授研究古希腊遗迹。
②We saw the ruins of the church.
我们看见了这座教堂的废墟。
③She poured water all over my painting and ruined it.
她把水全倒在了我的画上，把画毁了。
词组: in ruins
释义：in a severely damaged or decayed condition. 成为废墟，遭到严重破坏
例句①An earthquake left the whole town in ruins.
那次地震以后，全城到处是废墟。
②His career lies in ruins.
他已前途尽毁。
辨析: vt. destroy & ruin
ruin通常暗指无可挽回的伤害，但并不一定指完全毁灭。
destroy 的意义更广泛，指拆毁，拆卸。
例句①The fire ruined the books in the library.
大火毁坏了图书馆的书。
②You will ruin no more lives as you ruined mine
你不会再象破坏我的生活一样破坏其他人的生活了.
③It became necessary to destroy the town in order to save it.
为了拯救这个镇，有必要毁坏它.
④The ancient manuscripts were destroyed by fire.
古代手稿被大火吞噬了.
考例：
4. The cathedral is famous for the height of its tower, which is without doubt the highest and the most handsome in England, being from the ground 404 feet.
doubt n.
释义: a point about which one is uncertain or skeptical疑点
例句①There is no doubt that he is guilty.
毫无疑问，他是有罪的。
②I have (my) doubts about whether he is the best man for the job.
我怀疑他是否做这项工作的最好人选。
词组: beyond doubt或without doubt
释义： certainly 无疑地；确实地；肯定地
例句：She was beyond doubt the finest ballerina of her day.
她无疑是她那个时代最优秀的芭蕾舞演员。
考例：
5.The city of Salisbury has two important kinds of produce and trade, which employ the poor of a great part of the country round --- namely, making cloth and sheets, called Salisbury Whites.
employ vt.
释义: ①to put to use or service.
投入使用或服务
②To devote (time, for example) to an activity or purpose:
投入：投入（例如，时间）到一个活动或目的中
例句: ①The police force to open the door.
警察强行把门打开.
②He employed his knife as a lever.
他把刀子当杠杠用.
③She employs her free time in sewing.
她把闲暇时间花在缝纫上。
拓展: employment n. 雇用, 使用, 利用, 工作, 职业
namely adv.
释义: that is to say, on the other hand
例句: ①Only one person can do the job, namely you.
只有一个人能做这项工作,也就是你.
②Only one student passed the exam, namely Peter.
只有一个学生通过了考试，就是彼得。
6. I have written before that this country has high hills, whose tops spread out into green fields upon which great numbers of sheep are fed.
Spread: vi
释义: To be extended or enlarged. 延伸或扩大
词组: spread out 伸展出去
例句: ①The fire spread from the factory to the houses near by.
火从工厂蔓延到附近的房舍。
②The news of victory spread apace.
胜利的消息迅速传开。
7. But I want to tell the reader that these hills and fields are most beautiful, with many small and clear rivers, and rich fields bearing fruit and grain.
Bear vt.
释义: To produce; yield 生产；结（果实
To give birth to. 生育，生殖
例句: Different trees bear different fruits.
什么样的树结什么样的果。
This tree bears no fruit.
这棵树不会结果.
She has born a son.
他已生了一个儿子.
1.California is one of the biggest s in the US.
2.You must decide for yourself. Don’t let anyone else i you.
3.Jean was e by the company as a general manager.
4.When you a the town you will see a garage on your left.
5.A sofa bed is a sofa that you can pull out to f a bed.
6. The tear gas was e to break up the protestors.
7. S the sheep from the goats.
8. Boys have more a over girls in finding jobs.
9. The tornado s destruction.
10. We have no d of his ability.
1. states 2. influence 3. employed 4. approach
5. form 6. employed 7. Separate 8. advantages
9. spread 10. doubt
1. The team four Europeans and two Americans.
A. consists of B. made up
C. makes up D. consist
2. His in science gave him the courage to fight against the disease.
A. believe B. belief C. confidence D. spirit
3. It was her performances in Africa which her an international reputation as a soprano(女高音歌手).
A. gets B. achieved C. gained D. give
4. If you look out of the window on the left of the bus, you’ll see that we’re now
the Tower of London.
A. coming B. closing C. going D. approaching
5. Only then that the conference was .
A. I realized…important B. did I realize…of importance
C. did I realized…important D. I realized…of importance
6. Indonesia some 3,000 islands stretching more than 2,000 miles from east to west.
A. makes up B. makes the most of
C. is made up of D. is consisted of
7. he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.
A. What B. That C. Whether D. If
8. It’s a simple dish to prepare, mainly _____rice and vegetables.
A. consisting of B. made up for
C. made from D. consisting in
9. _____, the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice.
A. In common B. In total
C. In general D. In particular
10. Papermaking began in China and from here it _______ to North Africa and Europe.
A. spread B. grew
C. carried D. developed
11. I insisted on my father his medicine every day, but he refused.
A. reminding; taking B. to remind; to take C. to remind; taking D. reminding; to take
12.-Do you think there is anything interest in the exhibition?
-Yes, I think some of the pictures are .
A. for; of help B. of; of great help
C. in; of helpful D. at; helpful
13.-Will Taiwan come to China?
-Surely, only time.
A. the matter with B. the matter of
C. a matter of D. a matter with
14.-Do you know how many planets the solar system?
- nine.
A. form; As many as B. consist; As many as
C. make; As much as D. build; As much a
15.-What are your favourite subjects?
-I'm fond of three subjects, ,English, math and history.
A. generally B. or rather
C. namely D. including
16.In playing basketball, Yao Ming others.
A. has advantage over B. had advantage over
C. has an advantage over D. had an advantage upon
17.What is the of your opinion? Karl Max made London for the of his revolutionary work.
A. basis; base B. basis; basis
C. base; basis D. base; base
18. The United Kingdom Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
A. makes up B. composes
C. consists of D. was made up of
19.In both work and study we ought to our time.
A. make the most of B. make most of
C. make best of D. make an use of
20．most half of China was by the Japanese soldiers from the year 1937 to 1945.
A. run over B. taken over
C. pulled over D. pushed over
34.Over-heating development might have bad on the national economy.
A. cause B. influence
C. result D. factor
The two boys were fighting each other, and it was very difficult for the old man to______ them.
A. separate B. divide
C. keep D. prevent
It’s my first holiday for two years so I’m going to_______ the most of it.
A. try B. use up
C. make D. do
He made_____ clear to the poor peasant that he would make him_______ if he saved him.
A. /; the king B. it; the king
C. /; king D. it; king