Learning to learn
Words and Expressions:
1. likely adj. & adv. (likelier, more likely ; likeliest, most likely ) 很可能的，有希望的 ；合适的；恰当的（probably, expected to happen ；seeming to be just right; suitable）
It’s likely to rain. 有可能下雨。
It’s likely that I shall go to Shanghai tomorrow. 很可能明天我要去上海。
Tony is likely to win. 托尼很可能取胜。
It isn’t likely that I should accept such an offer as that. 要我接受这样的建议是不大可能的。
You’re likely to have forgotten about it. 你可能已经把它忘记了。
He is a likely young man. 他是一个有希望的青年人。
Is here a likely place to study? 这里是学习的合适地方吗？
ad.可能地 （probably）
Tony is the most likely winner of the race. 这次赛跑托尼最有可能取胜。
He will very likely be here again next month. 他下个月很可能再来这里。
2. concept n. 概念；观念 a thought; an idea; a general notion
A small baby has no concept of right and wrong. 小孩不懂什么是正确和错误。
3. chart n. 图；图表 big drawing or map to give information
vt. 作为图表；以图表表示 make a chart of
4. focus （focusing, focussing ；focused, focussed ；focused, focussed ； focuses, foci ）
v. (使）聚焦，（使）集中 n. 焦点，中心 n. 焦点 ； 配光；对光
Bring the object into focus if you want a good photograph.
如果你想拍一张好照片，把物体对准在焦点上。
If my camera is not brought into focus, the photograph will be blurred.
如果我的照相机不对光，照片便会模糊不清。
He focused the camera and took a photo. 他对好焦距，照了一张相。
When studying, he focused his mind on his lessons. 读书时，他集中心思于功课上。
5. skip （skipping 过去式： skipped 过去分词： skipped ） v.跳；跳绳；略过
( run, jumping lightly with each foot ; jump again and again over a rope that you are swinging )
The little girl skipped down the road. 小女孩蹦跳着沿路走去。
Let’s skip over this page and come to page 55. 咱们越过这一页，看第五十五页。
Children like skipping. 孩子们喜欢跳绳。
6. fist n. 拳头
A boxer hits with his fists. 拳击运动员用拳头打击对手。
7. waist n. 腰，腰部 ( the middle of the body )
A man’s trousers go from his waist to his feet. 男裤是从腰到脚。
The water is up to my waist. 水深及我腰部。
Her waist measures 20 inches around. 她的腰身为20英寸。
She has the waist of a wasp’s. 她的身材十分苗条。
measure sb’s waist
8. nail n. 指甲；趾甲 ； 钉子
Our fingernails need cutting now and again. 我们的手指甲有时需要剪一剪。
bite (=gnaw) one’s nails 咬指甲
biting of the finger nails 咬手指甲
cut(=trim) the nails 剪指甲
dye the nails 染指甲
have one’s nails pared 请人修指甲
to pare one’s nails 修指甲
The nail went right through the wall. 钉子直接穿过墙壁。
The nail doesn’t fix fast. 这钉子未钉牢。
draw (=pull) out a nail 拨出钉子
drive (=hammer; knock) in a nail 把钉敲进去
v. 钉；钉住 ( fasten or fix something with a nail or nails )
David nailed the broken box together again. 大卫把那个破箱子又钉好了。
to nail a lid on a box 把箱盖钉牢（给箱子钉上盖子）
nail a shelf to the wall 把架子钉在墙上
to nail a sign on the wall 在墙上钉一个招牌
9. gallery n. 美术陈列室，画廊，美术馆 (a large room or building for exhibitions of art)
There is a new exhibition at the gallery. 美术馆有个新的画展。
play to the gallery （剧场等的）看台
Warm up
Unit 4 Warm-up
In this unit you will …
Read about the internet and virtual reality.
Listen to a phone conversation, radio programmes and a song.
Practise telephoning and making suggestions.
Write an e–mail message and an internet page about your area.
Learn how to make predictions about the future;
Learn about conditionals.
Warm-up
2004-The Day after Tomorrow is a movie about global warming and how it will destroy cities and change the world in the future.
2001-A.1.is a movie about a boy who doesn’t know that he is really a robot.
1866-From the Earth to the Moon is a book about people traveling to the moon.
1977-2004-The movies that make up Star Wars are about wars in space. There are many amazing characters in these movies.
I. Which of the films and books mentioned on this page have you seen or read?
Which of the predictions in them:
a) have already come true?
b) do you think will come true in your lifetime?
What other predictions do you know from science fiction books or films that have come true?
II. Listen to four experts. Which predictions are they discussing? Use the Key Words to help you.
Answers:
1 making androids (artificial humans)
2 flooding in different countries
3 time travel
4 a virus develops which we have no power to stop
Tape script
1 Well, that’s very interesting question. It is already possible to make artificial organs and parts of the body-but it won’t be possible for a very long time to make artificial humans, known as androids, that can think or feel in the same way as we do.
2 We know that the planet’s climate is changing. The Earth’s atmosphere is gradually getting warmer. There is a real danger that the sea level will go up and there will be flooding in different countries in the world. This is already happening in countries like Bangladesh and some parts of Europe, for example, Britain.
3 Well, it may sound surprising. Imagine the situation of two twins-a brother and sister. The sister goes into space and travels at the speed of light for ten years-when she comes back to Earth she is thirty years older than her twin brother!
4 Unfortunately, this is a very real danger for the planet. A new virus could develop that we have no power to stop. It is something we really should be worried about.
( robot, artificial human, cyberspace, planet’s climate, global warming, world flooding, time travel, virtual reality, virus )
Which word in the box above matches this definition?
n. a word that describes the place where messages，information, pictures, etc. are when they are sent from one computer to another
III. Words and Expressions
10. cyberspace
11. global adj. 全世界的,全球的 ； 整体的,总体的,综合的
global inflation 全球性的通货膨胀
the dream of global peace 世界和平的梦想
take a global view of... 整体 [综合] 地观察……
globe n. 球状物；地球 （anything round like a ball）
to circle the globe in an airplane 乘飞机绕地球飞行
The language of England girdles the globe. 英国语言全球通用。
I’m interested in studying the globe in my spare time. 闲暇时我对研究地球仪很感兴趣。
a ramble round the globe 漫游世界
12. come true 实现 (really happen)
Her dream came true. 她的梦想实现了。
His words came true. 他的话应验了。
13. artificial ( more artificial ； most artificial ) a. 1.人工的，人造的 2.做作的，不自然的
artificial daylight [sunlight] 人造日光,太阳灯 artificial flowers 人造花
an artificial eye [limb, tooth] 义眼 [肢,齿] artificial ice 人造冰
artificial insemination 人工授精 artificial leather 人造皮
artificial rain 人造雨 an artificial satellite 人造卫星
artificial selection 人为选择 [淘汰] an artificial manner 做作的态度[举止]
an artificial smile 不自然的微笑 artificial tears 假哭,假慈悲
14. climate n.[C] 气候 （ the weather in a place ）
I would rather live in France for climate. 我由于气候关系而宁愿住在法国。
The island has a cold climate. 该岛气候寒冷。 the dry climate of Egypt 埃及的干燥气候
No country in Asia possesses a better climate than China. 亚洲没有一个国家的气候比中国的好。
an arctic climate 北极的气候 an arid climate 干燥的气候
a damp climate 潮湿的气候 benign climate 温暖的气候
a healthful climate 有益于健康的气候 a marine climate 海洋性气候
a mild climate 温和的气候 a tropical climate 热带气候
15. flood n. 洪水 ； 大批，大量 （a large flow of water ； a lot of something ）
Many houses were destroyed by the flood. 许多房屋被洪水冲毁了。
After the heavy rain there was a big flood and water came into our house.
那场大雨后闹了洪水，我们的家都淹了。
I had a flood of letters on my birthday. 我生日那天收到一大堆信。
The tide is at the flood. 潮在上涨。
v. 淹没， 泛滥 ； 充满（ to fill or cover with water ；fill, cover, or overcome, as if with a flood ）
The river has flooded a number of villages. 洪水淹没了一些村庄。
During spring rains the river floods. 春雨期间河水泛滥。
Letters of congratulation flooded in. 大批祝贺信像潮水般地涌来。
The room was flooded with moonlight. 这房间充满了月光。
eyes flooded with tears 热泪盈眶
16. virtual adj. (无比较级、最高级) 实质上的,事实上的,实际上的 ；虚像的
It was a virtual promise. 那是实质上的承诺。
He was the virtual leader of the movement. 他是该运动实际上的领袖。
a virtual image 虚像
17. reality n. 真实 （ what is true ）
Scientists are working hard to turn them into realities.科学家们为了把它们变为现实正在努力工作着。
My hope has become a reality. 我的愿望变成事实了。
This is not imagination but reality. 这不是空想，而是现实。
Your hope to join the economic institute has become a reality. 你要参加经济学会的愿望实现了。
Reality has made him change his mind. 现实使他改变了主意。
divorce from reality 脱离实际 escape reality 逃避现实
in reality: in fact 实际上
The two football players seem like enemies on the field but in reality they are good friends.
那两个运动员在足球场上像敌人，但实际上是好朋友。
She gives the impression of being generous, but in reality she is a very selfish woman.
她给人以慷慨大方的印象，其实她是个非常自私的女人。
18. virus n.[C] 病毒; 泸过性病原体 ；<口语>病毒引起的疾病 ； (道德、精神上的) 毒素; 毒害
a virus disease 病毒引起的疾病
virus X 病毒X (尚待检验的病毒)
She can’t come tonight; she has got [caught] some kind of virus.
她今晚不能来，因为感染了某种 (病毒引起的) 疾病。
the virus of war [revolution] 战争 [革命] 的毒害
Lesson 1 Tomorrow’s World
Teaching aims:
To use the title of a text to predict the content.
To practise using vocabulary of cyberspace.
To practise using will and going to to talk and write about the future.
Teaching difficulties: To revise Present Simple and Present Continuous.
Teaching Aids: computer and cassette
Teaching procedures:
I. Warming up
What computers and internet bring us?
convenient, high efficient
Compared to 20 years ago how do you think technology will change our lives?
For example:
Go shopping on line.
Needn’t carry cash and use credit cards.
Instead of going to the bank you can use a computer and a telephone to pay for bills.
1. Imagine what happens in the next twenty years?
2. Is it possible that the computer gives us disaster?
Look at the title of the article.
Which of these topics do you think it will mention?
* the Internet * artificial human * time travel * robots * global warming * virtual reality
Read the article quickly and check your guess to question 2 above.
1. With the development of computers, our life may change in shopping and communicating ways
2. The text infers to us that worry is not necessary and computers and the Internet only do good to us.
3. Some experts say in the future we will not go to school in the classroom like us.
4. In the future it is possible that people live in another world of outer space.
5. The text tell us you can do many things but needn’t go to the place yourself.
6. Because of the rapid development of Internet television and the mail will be replaced by computer. Keys: T F T F T T
II. Learning vocabulary
Match the vocabulary from the text below with the definitions.
hacker, chaos, terrorist, the Net (Internet), virtual reality, crash
1. a person who enters other people’s computer programmes in secret
2. The use of computers to make situations feel and look real.
3. have an accident by violently hitting something.
4. some who does terrible things to harm countries, governments and people.
5. computer system that allows millions of people around the world to share information
6. A terrible situation in which everything goes wrong
Keys:1. hacker 2. virtual reality 3. crash 4. terrorist 5. the Net (Internet) 6. chaos
III. Correct error
1. In the last thirty years, the Internet grew rapidly.
2. Terrorist may “attack” the world’s computers, cause chaos, make planes and trains crash.
3. It is convenient to order tickets from the internet.
4. In 1983, there were only 200 computers connect to the Internet.
5. It is clear we can use internet to do all kinds of things at home.
6. Personally, I’m optimistic about the future of internet.
7. As society develops, computers will make our life much convenient.
8. The mail service may also disappear as the increasing use of e-mail.
Keys: 1. grew 改为 has grown 2. make前加and 3. order 改为book 4. connect改为connected 5. clear后加that 6. of 后加the 7. much 改为more 8. as 改为with
We can feel convenient, we can do all kinds of things from the Internet at home, such as buy books, find out about holiday offers, book tickets and so on.
Some traditional things will disappear.
We may live in a virtual world.
Hacker can get into the computers of banks and government so that change data or steal away important information.
Terrorists will attack the world’s computers, cause chaos, make planes and trains crash even and cause nuclear war.
IV. Voice your opinion
Do you feel pessimistic or optimistic about the future of the Internet? Why?
V. Language points
1. In 1983, there were only 200 computers connected to the Internet.
= which were connected to the Internet.
computer 和connect 是被动关系,因此connected to 是过去分词做定语来修饰computer,相当于一个定语从句。
It is surprising that there were 3oo gold coins buried underground.
＝which were buried underground. 真是令人惊奇，地下埋了300 枚金币。
There are so many people watching the big fire in the street.
=who watched the big fire in the street.
People 和watching 是主动关系watching 是现在分词做定语表主动来修饰people 相当于定语从句。
2.Some experts are pessimistic about the future.
一些科学家对（计算机主宰的）未来表现出悲观的态度。
be pessimistic/optimistic about 对……悲观/乐观
I’m rather pessimistic about the present situation. 我对目前的局势感到悲观。
3. It is clear that we are going to see an explosion of shopping on the Internet.
很显然，不远的将来我们就会看到网上购物的狂潮。
It作形式主语，真实主语是 that引出的主语从句。
＝ that we are going to see an explosion of shopping on the Internet is clear.
It is clear that in the next few years the Earth’s climate will change.
= That in the next few years the Earth’s climate will change.
4. … the use of computers with sounds and pictures that make you feel as if you are in a real situation. (虚拟世界)是计算机通过声音和图像模拟现实，以使人感到仿佛置身于一个真实的空间。
as if 连词，仿佛， 好像
It sounds as if she’s been really ill. 听上去好像她真的病了。
5. We have to take immediate action. 我们得马上采取行动。
take action 采取行动。
We must take actions to prevent the spread of disease.我们必须采取行动防止疾病传播。
IV. Language Study
Predictions will and be going to
Read the following sentences from the text. In pairs, decide which
a) talks about a future event we can predict from a present situation?
b) expresses our opinions and beliefs about the future?
1. …, ‘ it is clear that we are going to see an explosion of shopping on the Internet.’
2. She also believes that, in the future, we will get entertainment from the Internet and that television will probably disappear.
3. ‘Personally, I think virtual reality will become part of modern life,’ …
Keys: 1. a 2. b 3. b
Grammar Summary 1, on p92.
1. You’re planning to buy a computer.
a) I hope it will be cheap.
b) It is going to be cheap.
2. It’s the last ten minutes of a basketball match between Russia and the USA. The score is 102:56 to Russia.
a) The USA will lose.
b) The USA is going to lose.
Keys: 1. a 2. b
complete the text with going to or will
Earth Report!
Dr Carl Wight is an expert on the environment. He speaks to our reporter, “It is clear that in the next few years the Earth’s climate(1)_________ change . I’m afraid that this probably means that many kinds of animals, such as the South China tiger, (2)___________ disappear soon, Changes in climate(3)____________
certainly affect people’s lives too. Because of global warming, the sea has already destroyed parts of Britain. It is obvious that this destruction (4)_______become more dangerous in the future. We have to take immediate action, or I fear that life on Earth (5)______get worse.”
Keys: 1. is going to 2. are going to 3. are going to 4. will 5. will
1. The cars are going to crash.
2. She’s going to have a baby.
3. He’s going to walk into the bus stop.
4. The house is going to fall into the sea.
VII. Words and Expressions
19. affect vt. 产生效果；影响 ；使感动；被感动 ；（指疾病）侵袭；感染 ( produce a result; affect on; influence ；touch the heart of; work on the feelings of ；(of diseases) attack )
Hot weather affects his health. 炎热的天气影响他的健康。
The disease is affecting his eyesight. 这种病正影响他的视力。
be affected with the wish to become an actor 很想成为一名演员
He wasn’t affected by the news. 他听了这消息后无动于衷。
His speech affected the audience deeply. 他的讲话深深打动了听众。
be affected at seeing it 看到这个景象而感动
be affected with awe 肃然起敬
She was affected by cold. 她着凉了。
His lungs are affected. 他的肺部有病。
be affected with high fever 发高烧
20. rapidly adv. 快地，迅速地 （ quickly ）
He went by her rapidly. 他急速地从她身旁走过去。
21. growth n. 生长 ；增长（ the act of becoming bigger ； increase ）
the growth of a baby 婴儿的发育成长
Rain helps the growth of plants. 雨水有助于植物的生长。
There has been a growth in the number of students. 学生的人数增加了。
gradual growth 逐渐生长 rapid growth 快长
the new word growth 新词的发展 the growth of production 生产的发展
accelerate growth 促进发育 control the family growth 控制生育
22. pessimistic adj. 悲观的，悲观主义的，厌世的；[对……]悲观的[about]
take a pessimistic view of life 对人生持悲观的看法
Don’t be so pessimistic. 别那样悲观。
He is pessimistic about the future. 他对未来感到悲观。
optimistic adj. 乐观的 （ having feeling of optimism ）
As I get older I get more optimistic. 我越活越乐观。
23. hacker
24. crime n.[C] 犯法行为，犯罪，罪行；不该做的事 （ something done against the law ； a foolish, useless action ）
Murder is a crime. 谋杀是一种罪行。
That’s a serious crime. 那是严重的罪行。
It would be a crime to have a race horse do the work of a cart horse. 把赛马当役马是愚蠢的。
It’s a crime to waste so much food. 浪费这么多粮食是不应该的。
criminal adj. 犯罪的；刑事上的 ( law breaking ； of crime )
Criminal parents could corrupt any child. 犯罪的父母可使孩子变坏。
She’s studying criminal law. 她在学习刑法。
a criminal act 犯罪行为 a criminal action 公诉；刑事诉讼
a criminal case 刑事案件 a criminal plan 罪恶计划
n. 罪犯，犯人 ( a person who has done something seriously against law )
The chief criminals shall be punished without fail. 首恶必办。
The judge imposes a punishment on the criminal. 法庭处罚这个罪犯。
a chance criminal 过失罪犯 an escaped criminal 逃犯
a master criminal 大罪犯 a sexcriminal 性罪犯
a skyjacked criminal 劫机犯 a suspected criminal 嫌疑犯
sentence these criminals to imprisonment 判这此罪犯徒刑 set a criminal free 释放罪犯
track down a criminal 追踪罪犯 apprehend a criminal 捉拿罪犯
25. terrorist n. 恐怖分子；恐怖主义者
someone who frightens, hurts or kills others so that people will do what he wants
26. attack v. 进攻；攻击 (start fighting or hurting someone ) ； v. （疾病）侵袭 ； 攻击；抨击（ make someone suddenly ill ； speak or write against ）
The plane came into attack. 飞机来进行袭击了。
We attacked the enemy by night. 我们趁黑夜进攻敌人。
The best way to defend is to attack. 最好的防御就是进攻。
The robber attacked the old man. 强盗袭击那位老人。
Measles attacks many children. 很多孩子得麻疹。
She was attacked with a disease. 她患病了。
His remarks were attacked in the newspaper. 他的言论在报纸上受到批判。
They next attacked the problem of food supply. 下一步他们着手解决粮食供应问题。
Three attacks were made during the night. 夜间发动了三次攻击。
They made an attack on the invaders by night. 他们在夜间向侵略者发动了一次进攻。
He came under an attack. 他受到了抨击。
The attack started at dawn. 进攻在拂晓时开始。
Attack is the best defence. 进攻是最好的防御。
He has an attack of illness. 他患病了。
She died of an heart attack. 她死于心脏病发作。
air attacks 空袭 a blitz attack 闪电式袭击
a flank attack 侧攻 a heart attack 心脏病突发
a night attack 夜袭 a surprise attack 突然袭击
be victorious in attack 进攻获胜 under the attack of 受……的攻击
come under attack 遭到抨击 have an attack of fever 发高烧
make an attack against 对……发动进攻 resist the attack of 抵抗……的进攻
27. chaos n.[U] 混乱；无秩序（when things happen wildly and with no control; when there is no order）
The strong wind left the garden in chaos. 大风刮得花园零乱不堪。
28. crash vi. 碰撞，倒下；砸 ； 撞坏；碰 ：（商业）破产，失败 ：n.[C] 撞坏；碰撞 （to fall or strike the ground violently ； make something hit another thing hard ；business failure ； an accident; two things coming together hard）
The building crashed to the ground. 那楼倒坍了。
A stone crashed through the window. 一个石块砰地一声砸进了窗子。
The aeroplane crashed on a hillside. 飞机在山腰撞毁了。
He crashed his car into a wall. 他把汽车猛撞在墙上。
The car crashed into a tree. 车子猛撞在树上。
be crashed to pieces 被砸得粉碎
His business crashed last year. 他的买卖去年倒闭。
Her scheme crashed disastrously. 她的计划惨败。
There was an airplane crash last week. 上周有架飞机坠毁。
The cause of the crash is not known. 不知道肇事原因。
I heard crash as the tree fell. 树倒下来时我听到哗啦一声响。
It fell with a loud crash. 它哗啦一声倒了。
29. offer vt. 奉送；拿出 ；提供；出售 （hold something that you want to give to someone ； say that you will give, do, or pay something if the other person wants it ；present for sale ）
He offered me a cup of tea. 他倒了杯茶要我喝。
They offered me a better position. 他们给了我一个更好的位置。
He offered his life to his country. 他把生命献给祖国。
Xiao Yang offered a suggestion. 小杨提了一个建议。
I’ll offer to go if nobody will. 如果没人愿去的话，那我很乐意去。
He offered himself as an interpreter. 他毛遂自荐作一名译员。
He offered to lend me his bike. 他主动提出要把自行车借给我。
They all came to offer congratulations. 他们都来表示祝贺。
He offered no answer. 他没回答。
They offered their boat for sale for 2,000 dollars. 他们把船拿来出售，索价2,000美元。
I offered him a house for 1,000 pounds. 我提出愿以一千英镑把一所房子卖给他。
No occasion offered. 没有机会。
offer sb. as first prize 作为头等奖授于某人
offer goods at low prices 低价出售货物
offer sb.the radio for 50 yuan 愿以50元把这收音机出卖给某人
offer oneself to the state 为国家献身
be specially offered 被专门地提供
n.[C] 提供；提出；提议 ； 出售（the act of offering ； putting forward for sale ）
I made him an offer of help. 我向他表示愿意提供帮助。
She has received an offer of marriage. 有人向她求婚。
Thank you for your offer of help. 谢谢你要提供的帮助。
The house is on offer. 这所房子出售。
He made me an offer of 500 pounds for the house. 他出价五百英镑要买我那所房子。
30. entertainment n. 款待；招待 ；娱乐 （the act of entertaining guests; the act of amusing people；an amusing or interesting public performance ）
They are giving an entertainment to their foreign guests. 他们在招待外宾。
give an entertainment to one’s guests 招待客人
The city offers many forms of entertainment. 这个城市提供各种娱乐。
a musical entertainment 音乐会
arrange entertainments 安排娱乐活动
find entertainment in working 以工作为乐
hold a farewell entertainment 举行欢送会
31. disappear vi. 消失，失踪；不见 （ go away so that it cannot be seen ）
One of our cats has disappeared. 我们的一只猫不见了。
The police are looking for the man who disappeared yesterday. 警察正在寻找昨天失踪的那个人。
She made a bow and disappeared behind the curtain. 她鞠了一个躬，就退到幕后去了。
The train disappeared into the tunnel. 火车消失在隧道内。
32. as if 好像；似乎；仿佛 （ so you would think that ）
It looks as if a storm would come soon. 暴风雨好像快要来啦。
He talks as if he knew everything. 他说话的神气好像他什么都知道似的。
He raised his hand as if to command silence. 他举起手来似乎要命令大家安静下来。
It rained and rained, as if it would never stop. 老是下雨，好像决不会停止的。
He looked as if he was ill. 他的样子显得似乎是有病一样。
He talks as if he were tired. 他说话的时候好像很累。
He talks as if he knew all about it. 听他说话的口气好像他全都知道了。
Fiona is walking slowly as if she were tired. 费欧娜慢慢走着，好像累了似的。
33. harm n. 损害；伤害；危害 （ hurt; damage; injury ）
He did me no harm. 他没有伤害我。（他没有使我受到损失。）
He says what he thinks, but he means no harm. 他想到什么说什么，但是他没有恶意。
Leave him - he won’t do any harm. 让他去--他不会捣乱的。
The waste and poison may do great harm to the things around us.
这些废物和毒物会大大损害我们周围的东西。
slight harm 小害 serious harm 严重危害
without harm 无害 protect sb. from harm 保护某人不受损害
safe from harm 无害 There can be no harm in your trying. 你试试没有坏处。
vt. 伤害；危害 ( hurt someone or something )
Hot water will harm the plants. 热水会伤害花草。
He did not harm them instead he set them free. 他没有伤害他们，反而把他们放了。
The fire harmed the house. 火烧毁了房屋。
34. obvious adj. 清楚的；易懂的；明显的 ( very clear, easy to see or understand )
It’s obvious that he hasn't read the book. 他显然没有读过这本书。
He had not yet arrived at that obvious fact. 他还没有弄明白那个显而易见的事实。
an obvious mistake 明显的错误
35. destruction n.[U] 毁灭；破坏 ( breaking something totally )
The strong earthquake left death and destruction behind it. 强烈的地震留下了死亡和破坏
The destruction of the railway was a big loss to the country. 铁路遭到破坏，这对该国是个大损失。
The storm caused great destruction. 风暴造成很大的破坏。
great destruction 很大破坏 mass destruction 大规模破坏
bring destruction upon oneself 自我毁灭 meet destruction 遭受破坏
VIII. Language in Use
Work in pairs. Student A is a pessimist and Student B is an optimist. Make predictions about life by the year 2050.
IX. Homework:
Page 55 exercise 4, 5 and 6
Lesson 2 Websites
Teaching aims:
To practise extensive and intensive listening skills.
To find information from a website.
To focus on prominently stressed as an aid to understanding – the key content words in every sentence that are stressed.
To practise making plans and suggestions over the telephone.
Teaching difficulties: To practise expressing preferences
Teaching Aids: computer and cassette
Teaching procedures:
I. Warming up
T: Do you use the Internet?
S:
T: What do you usually use it for?
S:
T: Net changes our life and makes life more convenient. Do you want to know its history?
Can you answer any of these questions about the history of the Internet?
1. Why did the Net begin?
a) for military reasons
b) for scientific reasons
c) for business
2. what year did it start in?
a) 1959 b) 1969 c) 1979
3. When did people start calling it the ‘Internet’?
a) the 1980s
b) the early 1990s
c) the late 1990s
4. When did the Internet start to grow very fast?
a) the late 1980s
b) the mid-1990s
c) the late 1990s
answers: 1. a 2. b 3. a 4. b
II. Listening and talking
Listen to the tape and answer the questions.
Listen again and answer the questions
Why did the Net begin by the military?
The Pentagon were worried about communication after a nuclear war. In 1969 they thought of linking computers into a network so that if one part of the network was destroyed , other parts could continue working.
What do people use the network to do?
People use the network to share ideas .They use it for entertainment, e-mail, playing games and getting information.
Which ‘website’ can you visit to do these things?
a) find out what’s going on in your town
b) look for a job
c) find out the latest world news
d) get information for a school history project
e) write to your friend by e-mail
f) buy clothes
a3 b1 c6 d2 e5 f4
ask students to tell you the reason why you choose the answers.
Listen to a telephone conversation between two people in Brighton. Which thing from the Internet page do they decide to do?
Go to the cinema on Friday evening to see Richard Bailey’s new film, Virtual Planet
Listen to the conversation again. Complete the Function File with words and phrases from the list.
See you, 973273, Would you like, hang on, are you up to, Do you fancy, I’d better, Why don’t we, I can’t, I’d love to , Sorry, Let’s, This is, please
Answer the question Hello. (1) ______.
Say who you are Hello, Mrs Turner. (2) ________ Mandy.
Ask to speak to somebody Can I speak to Lucy, (3) ______?
Ask somebody to wait Just (4) ________ a second.
Ask about plans What (5) _______ _____ this weekend?
Say you didn’t hear (6) _______?
Make suggestions (7) _____________ go on Saturday morning? (8) ___________ doing something on Friday night? (9) ______________ to go?
Reject suggestions Well, (10) _______. I’ve got a music lesson.
Accept suggestions Great, (11) __________.
Finish the cal Well, (12) _________ go now.
Make an arrangement (13) _____ meet at 6:30, outside the cinema.
Say goodbye Right. (14) _______ tomorrow.
Answers: 1. 973273 2. This is 3. please 4. hang on 5. are you up to 6. Sorry 7. Why don’t we 8. Do you fancy 9. Would you like 10. I can’t
Pronunciation
Listening Strategies: Important words
Listen for words that are stressed. They are important words.
Do not worry if you do not hear all the other words.
Do the exercise 7
Students listen to the seven sentences on the cassette. Pause after each sentence for students to identify the stressed words.
Then play the cassette for students to repeat the sentences.
III. Words and Expressions
36. military adj. 军事的，军用的 ( of, for or related with armed forces, soldiers or war )
We had a military training last week. 上星期我们进行了军训。
That is a problem in connection with the military affairs. 那是一个和军事有关的问题。
n. 军方 ( the military )
The military were on the march. 军队在行军中。
a military band / a military camp / military personnel
37. scientific adj. 科学的 ( having to do with science )
They made the school a place for scientific experiments. 他们把学校变成了科学实验的场所。
Scientific farming is the key to the further development of agriculture.
科学种田是进一步发展农业的关键。
scientific journals 科学杂志 scientific instruments 科学仪器
scientific knowledge 科学知识 scientific man 科学界人士
scientific studies 科学研究 have a scientific mind 具备科学的头脑
use a scientific plan 采用科学的计划
science n. 科学；自然科学；一门学科；学科 ( study of natural things )
He decided to study science. 他决定攻读自然科学。
We love science. 我们爱科学。
He hasn’t much knowledge of science. 他对科学比对艺术更有兴趣。
Biology, Chemistry, and Physics are sciences. 生物、化学和物理是自然科学。
Maths is the most important of all the sciences. 数学是一切科学中最重要的。
38. nuclear adj. 原子核的；原子的；原子能的 ( of the central part of an atom; of atomic energy )
nuclear energy 原子能 nuclear power 核动力
nuclear reactor 核反应堆 nuclear weapons 核武器
39. network n. 网；网制品 ( a netting or net; any system of lines that cross )
a network 网状系统 a network of railway 铁路网
40. project n.[C] 计划,企画 ；vt. 计划,企划； 预料,预估,预算
form [draw up] a project 订计划
project a new dam 计划建造新水坝
project expenditures for the next year 预估明年的经费
vt. [~ oneself]传达自己的想法 ；把 （心、想像） 放置[于……][into]
You must project your mind into the situation. 你必须设身处地考虑该情况。
vt. [~ oneself]站在……的立场[into]
He tried to project himself into the hero's situation. 他试着站在主角的立场上思考问题。
vt. (尤指) 把 <不好的态度、想法> 投射 [于他人] [onto, on, upon]
He projects his hostility onto others. 他对他人满怀敌意。
41. fashion n. 流行式样，时髦 （way of dressing or doing something that people think best at a certain time ）
In the U.S. men don't wear hats now; they're out of fashion.
在美国男人们现在不戴帽子，戴帽子已不时兴了。
These shoes are the latest fashion. 这些鞋子是最新的流行样式。
The fashion has passed. 这种式样已流行过。
He is the fashion. 他是红人。
He walks in a peculiar fashion. 他走路姿态特殊。
42. hang on
43. be up to
up to 与……相邻；与……并排 ；直到；以至 ； 及得上 ；胜任……（ along side of；as far as ； equal to ； capable of ）
I could not get up to him. 我赶不上他。
Andrew has worked hard up to now. 安德鲁一直努力工作到现在。
He is not up to his father as a scholar. 就学问而言他不及他父亲好。
This old car isn’t up to a long journey. 这辆旧汽车不适于长途旅行。
You are not up to the job. 你做不了那工作。
44. fancy ( fancier ；fanciest ) n. 1.想象力 2.幻想 3.爱好 a. 别致的 ；vt. 1.想要 2.想象 3.爱好
（ imagine, suppose ； think you would like something ）
We cannot fancy a life without electricity. 我们不能设想生活中没有电。
She fancied she saw someone, but there was no one there. 她觉得好像看见什么人，其实并没有人。
He fancied he heard somebody following him. 他觉得好像（听见）有人在跟踪。
What do you fancy for supper? 晚饭你喜欢吃什么？
Fancy seeing you! I am surprised! 想不到会见到你！真是出乎意料！
n. 想象，设想 ； 爱好（ the act of thinking; imagination ； a liking, a desire ）
That’s only your fancy. 那只是你的想象而已。
Did I really hear a voice or was it only my fancy? 我是真的听到了声音还是我的幻觉而已？
I have a fancy for fishing. 我爱好钓鱼。
adj. 装饰而不实际的；装饰的；不朴实的 （ornamental rather than useful; decorated; not plain; elaborate ）
She wants to buy a handbag, not fancy but strong. 我想买一个手提包不要花俏，而要耐用。
fancy cakes 花式蛋糕
fancy goods 华丽精巧的小商品
fancy birds 珍种禽鸟
a fancy picture 想像画
45. suggestion n. 建议；意见；联想细微的迹象 （ the act of suggesting; a slight sign ）
My suggestion is (that) we go to the cinema. 我的建议是去看电影。
The warm wind is a suggestion of spring. 暖风是春天的征候。
suggest vt. 建议；提出（意见、计划、理论等）（give someone an idea; say that something will be possible）
I suggested that we (should) hold a meeting tonight. 我提议我们今晚开个会。
Sal suggested that we should go for a swim. 萨尔建议我们去游泳。
He suggests going to the cinema. 他建议去看电影。
Can you suggest a way (to do it) ? 你能提出一个办法吗？
vt. 使人想起；使人联想到 ( bring to mind )
Smoke suggests fire. 有烟就有火。
46. reject vt. 丢弃 ( throw away; cast aside as useless )
He looked through the rejected suits. 他在那些人家不肯要的衣服中寻找。
He rejected the rotten eggs. 他扔掉了坏鸡蛋。
及物动词 vt. 拒绝；拒不接受
say "no" to; not take something
She rejected my offer of help. 我主动提出给予帮助，她拒绝了。
He tried to join the army but was rejected. 他想参军但被拒绝了。
47. arrangement n. 整理；布置 ；安排( the act of arranging ；something arranged )
The arrangement of a large library takes a long time. 布置一家大图书馆非常费时间。
Have you made arrangements to sell your house? 你卖房子的事做好安排了吗？
Their arrangement was kept secret. 他们的安排是秘密的。
I have made arrangements for my journey to England. 我已准备好了到英格兰去旅行。
Our arrangement will stand good for ever. 我们的协定将永远生效。
arrange vt. 整理；布置 （ put things in a nice, neat way ）
The teacher arranged the books on the shelves. 老师把书架上的书整理好。
Arrange the words in groups. 将这些单词分组排列。
Please arrange the tools in order. 请把工具整理好。
vt. 安排 （make a plan ）
Can you arrange a visit to the exhibition? 你能安排一次参观展览会吗？
We arranged a party for the New Year's Day. 我们为元旦安排了一次茶话会。
The hospital will arrange an X ray examination next week. 医院将在下周安排一次X光检查。
Everything has been arranged. 一切都安排好了。
I have arranged to meet Tim at the station. 我已安排好去车站接蒂姆。
I have arranged to meet her at ten o'clock. 我已约好于十点钟见她。
I have arranged for a car to meet you at the airport. 我已安排了一辆小汽车到（飞）机场接你。
I shall arrange for the meeting to take place on Friday. 我将安排星期五开会。
I have arranged for the boy to leave school next Easter. 我已安排好让孩子在下个复活节离开学校。
I arranged that I should meet them here. 我准备在这儿见他们。
vt. 处理；调解； 安排；处理；支配； 协议；商定 ( settle )
He arranged a quarrel among his friends. 他调解（他的）朋友们所发生的争执。
I arranged with him for swimming. 我和他商定去游泳。
We arranged between us to do sth. 我俩约定去做某事。
I will arrange to do as you wish. 我会按照你的希望去做。
IV. Homework
Turn to page 56 to do the exercise
Lesson 3 Virtual Reality
Teaching aims:
To practise using first and second conditionals.
To assess whether websites are real.
Teaching difficulties: To practise expressing preferences
Teaching Aids: computer and cassette
Teaching procedures:
I. Warming up
T: What is virtual reality？ S:
T: The use of computers make situations feel and look real. What do people use the technology to do? S:
T: Which of these uses for virtual reality are possible now?
virtual reality holidays
learning to fly using virtual reality technology
playing virtual reality computer games
visiting virtual museums on the Internet
S:
T: Possible uses for virtual reality now:
Playing virtual reality computer games
Learning to fly using virtual reality simulator
Visiting virtual museums on the Internet
Show students some slides to prove these facts
T: Would you like to visit the Science Museum website? Why or why not?
Would you like to go to a virtual university?
S:
T: Virtual reality can bring us lots of convenient. You will find lots of good information at home, and needn’t spend time traveling there.
Study in such a world-famous university without going out of your room.
II. Reading
The text will talk about virtual reality now let’s read the text and do the exercises
True or False
1. This weekend Tom will help Cathy finish a project on the history of the Internet.
2. Cathy is more interested in virtual holiday than Tom.
3. Tom will have a virtual reality holidays this weekend.
4. Virtual university is an interesting game on line instead of a real university.
5. Virtual reality holidays spend less time than real holidays.
6. You needn’t go to the real place in virtual reality holidays but you can get real feeling of traveling there.
7. The Science Museum on line doesn’t exist in fact, just imagine it.
Answers: 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. F
Read the dialogue and answer the questions below.
1. Why can’t Cathy go out this weekend?
2. Where is Tom planning to go?
3. Does Cathy have a programme for ‘virtual’ holidays on her computer?
4. Does she really think she will have the chance to go on a world tour?
5. What would Tom like to do with virtual reality?
6. Why is Cathy so excited about the technology?
Answers:
1. She has to finish her project.
2. He’ll go camping if the weather is good.
3. No.
4. No
5. He would like to go to a world famous university.
6. Because she thought she would be able to go anywhere she liked.
III. Further reading
Read the text again and pay attention to the right expression.
Correct mistakes
1. What are you going to do at this weekend.
2. I have too many things to be done.
3. We won’t go to go camping if it will rain
4. If they invent virtual reality holidays, I’d go on an around-the –world tour.
5. Do you have anything plan for Saturday and Sunday.
6. Tom imagines himself go to a famous university.
7. Personal I’m interested in virtual university.
Answers: 1. 去掉at 2. 去掉be 3. 去掉will 4. invent改为invented 5. plan改为 planed 6. go改为going 7. Personal 改为Personally
IV. Talking
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a virtual university?
Would you like to go to such a university? Why?
Advantages of a virtual university
No limit to time and place It is convenient to attend
take your job as study save transportation time
needn’t buy text material
V. Language points
1. what’s …up to 口语中 问对方在做什么。
You look worried, what have you been up to? 你看上去很担心的样子，怎么了？
My brother locked himself in his room for a whole morning. What is he up to?
弟弟整个上午把自己关在房间，他在干什么？
2. suggest 建议,后接宾语从句（虚拟语气）或动名词短语。
I suggest that you (should ) check the information before you sign your name.
我建议你在签字之前检查一下所列信息。
Catherine suggests asking her dad for his opinion. 凯瑟琳建议征询她爸爸的建议。
暗示， 表明（真实语气）
The look on his face suggested he was angry. 他脸上的表情表明他生气了。
3. But I still find it hard to imagine.
It 是形式宾语， hard 为宾语补足语 ，to imagine为真正的宾语
Children find it hard to concentrate. 孩子们发觉很难集中精力
I find it a great pleasure to meet you here. 在这里遇见你真令人愉快。
She thought it best to wait for him. 我认为最好等他。
I found it not easy to get on with Jim. 我发现和吉姆相处不容易。
VI. Grammar
Do the exercise 5
Read the sentences in italics in the first seventeen lines of the dialogue, Are the sentences used to talk about:
a) Unlikely situations in the future?
b) Possible situations in the future?
1. If I don’t finish my project on the history of the Internet for next Monday’s lesson, the science teacher will be angry.
2. If it’s good, Dad, Mum and I will probably go camping.
3. We won’t go if it rains.
4. If I stay home, I’ll help you with your project if you like.
5. If you tell me some titles, I’ll look for them in the library.
6. If you go to the Science Museum website, you’ll find lots of good information.
7. If we had virtual reality holiday, we wouldn’t have any problems with the weather.
8. If they invented virtual reality holidays, I’d go on an around-the-world tour.
Do the exercise 6.
Write these sentences as First Conditionals. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form.
1. What (do) if your computer (not work)?
What will you do if your computer doesn’t work?
2. (You go) out with me on Saturday night if you (finish) the project?
Will you go out with me on Saturday night if you finish he project?
3. If you (go) to that website, you (find) some interesting information.
If you go to that website, you’ll find some interesting information.
4. (You go) to that concert if it (rain)?
Will you go to that concert if it rains?
5. She (buy) a computer if she (get) that job.
She’ll buy a computer if she gets that job.
6. I (give) you the information if you (telephone) me tomorrow.
I’ll give you the information if you telephone me tomorrow.
7. What (you do) if the information if you (telephone) me tomorrow.
What will you do if the weather isn’t good tomorrow.
8. My sister (not go) to London if she (not pass) her exam.
My sister won’t go to London is she doesn’t pass her exams.
Do the exercise 7
Read the sentences and decide what the people are expressing.
a) Unrealistic hopes for he future
b) Plans for the future
c) Something that isn’t possible now
If we had virtual reality holidays, we wouldn’t have any problems with the weather.
If they invented virtual reality holidays, I’d go on an around-the-tour.
Do the exercise 8
Who would say these things, a or b?
1. If I had the money, I would buy a new IBM computer.
a) a student b) a millionaire
2. If I felt ill, I would stop smoking.
a) a smoker b) a non-smoker
3. If I were a teacher, I would be popular with my students.
a) a teacher b) a journalist
answers : 1. a 2. b 3. b
VII. Words and Expressions
48. title n. 题目；名 ：称呼；头衔（ name of a book, film, picture, etc. ； word that we put in front of a person’s name ）
The title of a book is printed on the cover. 书名印在书的封面上。
What is the title of the play? 戏的名字是什么？
The author’s name is printed on the title page. 作者姓名印在标题页上。
He deserves the title of poet. 他不愧为诗人。
‘Sir’, ‘Mr.’ and ‘Miss’ are titles. Sir, Mr.和Miss都是称呼。
the title of doctor 博士的头衔 adopt this title 采用这个篇名
earn the title of 赢得……的称号 select a title for a short story 为短篇小说选个篇名
49. destination n. 目的地；终点 ( place where a person or thing is going )
I am bound for Shanghai; that is my destination. 我到上海去，那是我的目的地。
We shall not arrive at our destination before evening. 黄昏前我们到不了目的地。
one’s final destination 最后目的地 reach one’s destination 到达目的地
50. flesh n.[U] 肉 ；肉类，兽肉 ( soft part of a person’s or animal’s body, under the skin ；meat )
Tigers are flesh eating animals. 虎是食肉动物。
He is losing flesh these days. 近来他消瘦了。
We eat the flesh of animals, birds, and fish. 我们吃兽类、禽类和鱼类的肉。
n.[U] 肉体 ( man’s body, but not his spirit )
The pain was almost more than flesh could take. 疼痛几乎使肉体受不了。
51. exit n.[C] (公共建筑物、高速道路等的) 出口 （ an emergency exit ）
an illegal exit 偷渡 [非法] 出境
52. historical adj. 历史的；历史上的 ( of past times )
Qu Yuan is a historical play written by Guo Moruo. 《屈原》是郭沫若写的一部历史剧。
a historical film 历史电影 historical evidence 史料
a historical novel 历史小说 historical studies 历史研究
historical character 历史人物
historic adj. 历史意义的，历史上著名的 ( important in past times )
There are a lot of historic spots in China. 中国有许多古迹。
1066 was an historic year for England. 1066年对英国来说是有历史意义的一年。
53. site n. 地点；场所 ( place where something is, was or will be )
London is on the site of a Roman fort. 伦敦在一个古罗马堡垒的旧址上。
We put up our tent in the camp site. 我们在营地上搭起了帐蓬。
54. pack n. 包；背包；包裹 ；vt. 塞满；挤满；装满 （动物）一群 （ put things into a box, bag, etc. until it is full ：group of animals that run and hunt together ； fill tightly ）
The hikers had packs on their backs. 徒步旅行的人都背着背包。
The soldier carried a pack on his back. 这个军人背上背着一个背包。
Lions do not hunt in packs, but alone. 狮子不成群猎食而是单独出动。
We knew he was packing in his clothes. 我们知道他在收拾衣服。
Have the goods been packed yet? 货物包装好了吗？
Have you packed your things up? 你的东西捆扎好了吗？
These things pack easily. 这些东西很容易包装。
The room was packed with people. 房间里挤满了人。
The auditorium was packed that night. 这天晚上，礼堂里挤满了人。
The people packed into the train. 人们挤进了火车。
The boys were packed together in a small room. 男孩子们都挤在一间小屋里。
55. dip vt. 浸；蘸；汲取 （ put something into liquid. for a short time and then take it out again ）
He dipped his pen into the ink. 他拿钢笔蘸墨水。
He dipped a finger in it. 他把一个手指伸进里面蘸了一下。
I dipped up a bucketful of water out of the well. 我从井里提起一桶水
The sun dips below the sea. 太阳沉入海平面以下。
dip into vt. vi.浸，泡；舀取
56. toe n. 脚趾
Please don’t step on my toes. 请别踩我的脚趾。 My shoes have round toes. 我的鞋是圆头的。
from top to toe / a big toe 手指
57. millionaire n. 巨富，百万富翁 ( a person who has a million pounds or dollars; a very rich man )
To sell such a suit as that to a millionaire! 把一套那样的衣服卖给一位百万富翁！
We could all be millionaires one day. 有一天或许我们大家都会成为百万富翁。
58. smoker n. 吸烟者 ( someone who smokes cigarettes or tobacco )
“ Would you like a cigarette?” “No, thank you. I’m a non smoker.” “你要不要抽支烟？”“不，谢谢你，我（是个）不抽烟（的人）。”
VIII. Language in Use
Write about your ideal future. Think about your home, job, partner, family, etc. write conditional sentences to explain why you would like this kind of life.
IX. Homework
Write about your ideal future. Think about your home, job. Partner, family, etc. Write conditional sentences to explain why you would like this kind of life.
Lesson 4 Virtual Tourism
Objectives
To practise intensive and extensive reading skills (anticipating meaning, scanning).
To develop strategies to match topics with paragraphs.
To identify important words in a text.
To practise using linking words (addition) –also, as well as, too
To practise collocations with do and make.
To listen to a talk to find out main facts.
I. Pre-Reading
1. Do you like travelling ? Have you been to New Zealand ? Now today, we are going to travel to New Zealand. Where is New Zealand ?
Show some pictures about New Zealand
2. Look at the photos and guess a few things about Auckland.
Example
Auckland is near the sea.
II. Reading
1. True or False?
Listen to the tape , are these statements true or false?
1) Auckland is the capital of New Zealand.
2) Auckland is located on South Island.
3) Sky Tower is Auckland’s tallest Tower.
4) Maoris were the first people of New Zealand .
5) The climate in Auckland is wet and rainy.
6) It’s the paradise(天堂) for water lovers.
Answers: FFTTFT
2. Read the text and complete the table below.
Population less than a million
Location On North Island
History *Maoris settled 650 years ago
European settlement began in 1840
Famous sights *Mt Eden; * Parnell village;
* Auckland Harbour Bridge;
* Sky Tower; *Auckland museum;
Climate Warm, plenty of sunshine
3. Match the topics a-f with the five paragraphs in the text. There is one extra topic.
a) the history of the city□
b) travel links□
c) things to see in Auckland□
d) night-life in Auckland□
e) for water lovers□
f) New Zealand’s largest city□
Answers: 25341
III. Post-Reading
Match this information with the words in blue in the text. These are called “hot words”. On a real internet page you can “click” on these words to get more information.
1 New Zealand produces iron and steel, machines and cars.
2 The first people of New Zealand came from other Pacific islands.
3 The capital of New Zealand is on the Cook Strait, which separates the two islands.
4 This bridge is one of the city’s most famous sights. It was built in 1959.
5 New Zealand does not allow nuclear materials anywhere in the country.
1 business and industry
2 Maori
3 Wellington
4 Auckland Harbour Bridge
5 nuclear-free zone
IV. Vocabulary
1. population n. 人口；（动物的）种群；住在某一地区的人；生长于某一地区的动物
What is the population of this city? 这个城市的人口是多少？
The population in these villages still uses well water.住在这些乡村里的人依然饮用井水。
2. locate vt. 找到…位置 ；设置；住（在）
I can not locate the shop. 我找不到这家商店。
The new building will be located in the center of town. 这座大楼将建在市中心。
Their factory is located at the foot of the mountain. 他们的工厂坐落在山脚下。
3. settle vt., vi. 定居；使定居；安置；安顿；落下；栖息；使平静，使安静，使镇静
My son has settled happily in America. 我儿子已在美国愉快地定居了。
We are settled in our new home. 我们住入新居。
The insect settled on a leaf. 一只昆虫落在一片树叶上。
Wait until the excitement has settled down. 等到兴奋的情绪镇静下来再说。
V. Speaking
Imagine you have a weekend in Auckland. Choose places you would like to visit and things you would like to do. Then work in pairs. Plan a weekend together in Auckland.
Example
A: Why don’t we visit Auckland Museum on Saturday morning?
B: That’s a good idea. Do you fancy going to the beach after that?
Tell the class what you have decided to do.
VI. Words and Expressions
59. tourism
tourist n. 旅游者；观光者 ( someone on holiday; who travels around to see places )
Thousands of tourists arrived in China last week. 成千上万的游览者在上星期到达中国。
Many tourists go to France and Italy in summer. 夏天很多旅游者去法国和意大利。
The foreign tourists marvel at the fine view of the West Lake. 外国旅游者惊叹西湖的优美景色。
a tourist agency 旅行社 tourist party 观光团
a restaurant catering to tourist 专供旅游者就餐的饭店
60. guide v. 领路；带领 ；n. 向导；指南 ( to show the right way; to lead ； a person or book which shows you where to go ；n. something that helps you to do things, etc. )
He guided us through the forest. 他领我们穿过了森林。
He flashed a torch to guide me. 他打手电给我引路。
The dog guided the blind man across the road. 那条狗领着盲人过马路。
Teachers should guide the students in their studies. 教师应当指导学生们的学习。
This is the guiding principle in our work. 这是我们的指导原则。
It’s an important guide to the study of science. 它是学科学的重要指导。
He volunteered to act as a guide to the Palace Museum. 他自动提出充当游故宫的向导。
a guide to farming 耕作指南 a guide to grammar 语法入门
Signposts are a guide to drivers. 路标是司机的向导。 guide post 路标
61. locate vt. 设置 ( establish or place in a particular place or position )
Where is the new factory to be located? 新工厂将设在何处？
The firm located its office in Shanghai. 这家公司在上海设置办公室。
Can you locate Paris on the map? 你能在地图上指出巴黎吗？
The soldiers located the enemy. 战士们查出了敌人的所在地方。
location n. 地点，位置 ( a position; a place )
This is a good location for a shop. 这儿是设置商店的好地点。
The film is being shot on location. 那部电影正在拍摄外景。
62. settle vt. 安置；安放 ；定居；移居 ；决定；解决 ( place or plant firmly and securely ；to make a place your home ；to decide )
He settled himself in the armchair. 他安坐在扶手椅上。
The family finally settled in South America. 这家人最后在南美定居下来。
A long time ago, a great number of English people settled in America and Australia.
很久以前，大批英国人到美洲和澳洲定居。
I settled down in the chair and went to sleep. 我在椅子里坐下来睡着了。
The children were noisy but they’ve settled down now. 孩子们刚才很吵闹，不过现在已经安静下了。
At last he settled all his bills. 最后他付清了一切账单。
The account is settled at the end of every year. 每年年底结帐。
We’ve settled that we’ll stay here three days. 我们已经决定在这里住三天。
The question will be settled tonight. 这个问题将在今晚解决。
vi. 定居 ( take up residence )
settle in London 定居于伦敦
I can’t make up my mind where to settle. 我不能决定定居何处。
The weather has settled at last. 天气终于稳定下来（不再多变）了。
He cannot settle to anything. 他不能专心做任何事。
I can’t settle finally till I know more details. 直到我了解更多细节我才能决定。
A butterfly settled on his arm. 一只蝴蝶停在他手臂上。
settlement n. 解决（方案）； 拓居地；定居点；新住处 ( agreeing about something after discussing it ；group of homes in a place where no people have lived before )
After long talks about pay, the managers and workers reached a settlement.
就工资进行长期谈判后，劳资双方达成一项解决办法。
The first settlements were on the east coast of America. 最初的殖民地是在美洲的东海岸。
The Pilgrim Fathers made a settlement in America. 首批清教徒在美洲开拓了一个殖民地。
63. central adj. 中心的；中央的 （ in the middle of something ）
The Party Central Committee is leading us on the new long march.
党中央正在领导我们进行新的长征。
Piccadilly is in central London. 皮卡迪利广场在伦敦市中心。
64. suburb n. 郊区；郊外 （ one of the outside parts of a town or city ）
Wimbledon is a suburb of London. 温布尔顿是伦敦的一个郊区。
I live in the suburbs of Taipei. 我住在台北市郊。
65. zone n. 地区（特别指在城镇）；地带 （ an area of ground (especially in a town) ）
A war zone is a district where fighting is going on. 战区就是进行战争的地方。
a buffer zone 缓冲地带 a combat zone 交战地带
the cotton zone in America 美国的植棉地区 a danger zone 危险地带
frigid zone 寒带 a malaria zone 疟疾流行地区
a neutral zone 中立地带 a “no passing” zone 禁止通行地区
a residence zone 住宅区 a safety zone 安全地带
a school (business) zone 文教（商业）区 the temperate zone 温带
torrid zone 热带 a war zone 交战地带 a wheat zone 产麦区
66. volcano n.[C] 火山(mountain with a hole in the top where fire, hot rock, ash, and gas come out)
Vesuvius is a volcano. 维苏威山是一座火山。
67. as well as 既……也（又）；不仅……而且 ；同样；同样好地 （ and also ；in as good a way as ）
He has experience as well as knowledge. 他既有学识又有经验。
She’s clever as well as beautiful. 她不但漂亮，而且聪明。
He has experience as well as knowledge. 他既有知识又有经验。
Scott has a flat in London as well as a house in Edinburgh.
斯科特不仅在爱丁堡有座房子，而且在伦敦有个套间。
I, as well as you, know that. 我和你一样，也知道那件事。
He said he could sing as well as the birds. 他说，他和鸟儿一样能唱歌。
He can speak English as well as you do. 他说英文和你说的同样好。
68. harbour n. 港；港口 （ place where ships come to land safely ）
At daybreak we entered Shanghai harbour. 我们在拂晓时进入了上海港。
69. view n.[U] 看见；视域；眺望 （seeing or being seen ）
The Great Wall came into our view. 长城出现在我们眼前。
The speaker stood in full view of the crowd. 演讲者站在大家能看得到的地方。
n.[C] 观看的地方；景色，风景 （place that you look at; picture or photograph of a place）
The view from our house is very beautiful. 从我们的房子看出去，风景很美。
What a wonderful view from your window! 从你家的窗子里看，这一带景色美丽极了！
We had a good view of the town from the top of the hill. 从山顶上我们清楚地看到了全城景色。
n.[C] 观点；见解，意见 （ opinion, what you believe or think about something ）
He holds strong views on race. 他对种族问题的观点很鲜明。
I take a different view of it. 我对这有不同的看法。
With a view to the study of the most modern books, he joined the local library.
为了阅读最新的书籍，他加入了地方图书馆。
vt. 观看，视察 （ look at ）
He determined to view the rooms behind the office. 他决心去看看办公室后边的那些房间。
I view his conduct in the gravest light.我很看重他的行为。
They are viewing the map. 他们在看地图。 They are viewed as models. 他们被看作模范。
The subject may be viewed in various ways. 这问题可用不同的方式考虑。
view at this angle 从这个角度进行考虑
things viewed critically 批判地看待的事物
viewed historically 从历史上考虑
view it optimistically 乐观地估计这件事
view the problem from all angles 全面地考虑问题
70. sunshine n.[U] 阳光；日照 ( bright light from the sun )
The sunshine didn’t last long. 日光照耀的时间并不长（阳光从云后出来的时间不长，又隐没了）。
Come out into the sunshine and play. 出来到阳光底下来玩。
We haven’t had much sunshine this week. 这个星期我们没有看到多少阳光。
the sunshine of her smile 她那令人愉快的微笑
71. average n. 平均数 ；平常；一般标准 ( the middle value of a set of numbers ； the usual sort or amount of; the common standard )
The average of 4,5 and 6 is 5. 4、5和6的平均数为5。
The average of 4 and 8 is six. 八和四的平均数是六。
His record is above the average in the class. 他的成绩在班里中等以上。
His pay is below the average. 他的工资低于一般水平。
adj. 平均的 ；普通的；平常的 （ mean; middle ； ordinary; usual ）
The average age of the boys in this class is twelve. 这个班学生的平均年龄为十二岁。
The goods are of average quality. 这些货物质量一般。
The average man is not interested in this subject. 普通人一般对这题目不感兴趣。
vt. 求平均数 （ find the average of ）
If you average 4,6 and 11, you get 7. 你如将四、六和十一平均之，你即得七。
We average eight hours a day. 我们平均每天工作八小时。
The writer averages two stories a month. 那作家平均一个月写两个故事。
up to the average 达到一般水平
72. regular adj. 经常的；定期的，有规律的；固定的 （ happening again and again at the same time, usual or at fixed times, etc.; not changing or stopping ）
Sunday is a regular holiday. 星期日是例假。
I wish my working hours were more regular. 我的工作时间能更正常一些就好了。
He has no