牛津高中英语模块一（第3讲）
【教学内容与教学要求】
教学内容：
牛津高中英语模块一Unit 2 （上）
二、教学要求：
1．学习谈论青少年经常遇到的问题 。
2．学会戏剧脚本。
3．了解英语口语和书面语的差别。
4．语法：定语从句（三）
【知识重点与学习难点】
重要单词：
act(n), scene, curtain, trash, garbage, charge, adult, , behavior, teenager, punish, period, argument, relationship, force, unpleasant, character, explain, slam, vet(veterinarian), style, mess, thumb, vs(versus), plus, competition, sink, fault, boring.
二、重点词组：
common to对…来说很普遍, turn up调高声音, 出现 a waste of 浪费, no more不再, spare time空余时间, force….to…强迫（某人）做 , can’t wait to.. 迫不及待地要 , be supposed to被期望或要求, 本应该， do with 处置, 忍受， 需要 be a mess/ in a mess乱成一团, leave sb in charge 委托 …..负责, act like行为举止象 …, go unpunished不受惩罚, go out熄灭, have one’s arm crossed双臂交叉抱在胸前, deserve to值得去做,常用否定形式表示“不配” be hard on对某人苛刻, now that既然, in the form of以 的形式, than ever before比以前任何时候都, be angry at对某事生气, even if即使, treat sb like…象 一样对待 , argue about为 …而争吵, the cause of起因, differ in many ways在许多方面不同, fit badly非常不合身。
【难点讲解】
1.Eric runs in after it, followed by a big dog, walking very slowly.
埃里克跟着球跑进来，后面跟着一条大狗，狗走得很慢。
这句话里有两个不同层面上的状语：过去分词短语“followed by a big dog” 是谓语“runs in”的伴随状语，而现在分词短语“walking very slowly”描述的是大狗跟随埃里克进来的行走方式，是动词“follow”的状语。
伴随状语通常由现在分词短语、过去分词短语或介词短语承当。当伴随动作由主语发出时，用现在分词，当伴随动作由其他人或物发出时用过去分词。例如：
He ran after the thief, shouting angrily.
She sat nervously in the grand sitting room, watched closely by the butler.
The soldiers stood silently along the pass, rifles in hand.
2. You weren’t supposed to come home until tomorrow.
你们应该明天才回家的。
be supposed to do sth:被期望或要求去做, 本应该去做。例如;
You are supposed to hand in your articles this Friday.
Girls are supposed to behave more quietly in this country.
在肯定句中until 必须和持续性动词连用时，在否定句里它主要和短暂性动词连用也可以和持续性动词连用，表示直到某时某个动作才开始。Until 还可以用在强调句中。Not until 放在句首时，句子要倒装。例如:
He slept until 8 o’clock.
He didn’t wake up till e8 o’clock.
It was not until 8 o”clock that he woke up.
Not until 8 o’clock did he wake up.
I won’t be free till Friday.
3. The money with which you were to buy dog food is gone, but Spot looks so hungry.
本该用来买狗食的钱不见了，但斑点狗看起来饿得厉害。
“with which you were to buy dog food” 是定语从句, 当关系代词是介词宾语时,介词常放在关系代词之前。例如:
the village we used to live in→the village in which we used to live
主语＋be动词+不定式表示“按计划将要做”，例如;
We are to hold up the enemy while our troups retreat.
The presidential candidate is to make a speech in our town on his way to Washington.
4. We thought you were an adult, a person from whom we could expect good decisions.
我们原以为你是个成年人，一个我们可以指望他做出正确决定的人。
划线部分是“an adult” 的同位语， 它 和“an adult”所指相同，句法功能也相同，是对“an adult”含义进一步的说明。这个同位于本身又带有定语从句from whom we could expect good decisions 。
Expect sth from sb: 期望从某人那里得到或看到某事，例如: You can never expect generosity from a miser.
5. This is not a family where bad behavior goes unpunished.
我们家不是一个放纵不良行为的家庭。
根据上文，this是指 our family。动词go 后面可以跟形容词，表示“变得”，例如：
go bad（变质）, go dry（变干）, go mad（发疯）, go international （国际化）。Go 和一些含否定意义的形容词连用，则表示“不受……的, 未被…的”,如: go unchallenged, go unnoticed.
His theory has gone unchallenged in the world for half a century.
It’s strange that such a mistake can go unnoticed in the textbook.
6. If they knew that Spot was ill and we used the money to take him to the vet…
假如他们知道Spot得了病, 而我们用那笔钱带他去看兽医的话……..
这句话用的是虚拟语气, 省略的部分是: they would understand why the money is gone and the house is a mess. 当说话人只表示一种假设的情况、一种主观愿望，即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非真实时，使用虚拟语气。表示和现在事实相反时，主句用过去将来时，条件从句用一般过去时。例如:
If I were you, I should wait till next week.
I she saw you now, she wouldn’t recognize you.
7.None of us stopped to think and we should have.
我们本应当停下来想想，而我们都没有那么做。
Stop to do表示停下来去做另一件事， stop doing则表示停止正在做的事情。 should have
也是一种虚拟语气，表示过去本应当做的事情。这里完整的句子应该是:
We should have stopped to think, but none of us did.
8. Can you explain to me now why the house was a mess and what you did with the cash we left?
你现在能向我解释为什么家里乱成一团，而你又把我们留下的钱拿去干什么了吗?
Be (in) a mess表示“乱成一团”； do with 表示“处理、处置”常和what 连用，它和deal with 不同，deal with 表示“处理、应付” we left 虽然只有两个单词，却是一个定语从句，它前面省略了作宾语的关系代词that或which。
【语法】定语从句(3)
一、．“介词＋关系代词”结构 (1) “介词＋关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词＋关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。这类结构的定语从句通常可以和带关系副词的定语从句互相转换，例如：This is a free country where everyone enjoys freedom of speech.
This is a free country in which everyone enjoys freedom of speech. (2) from where为“介词＋关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句。例如： We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town.. (3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如： This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
二、关系代词在定语从句中作主语的补语
能在定语从句中作主语的补语的关系代词只有that, 这时的that既能指人也能指物，但往往省略。例如:
When Laura was born, Bettie decided her daughter would be the singer (that)she always wanted to be.
Mr. Lee still talks like the man that he was ten years ago.
三、关系代词as和which 作主语，都可以代表前面整个句子。但由as引导的定语从句可以前置。例如：
He saw the girl, as/which he hoped he would.
As he hoped he would, he saw the girl.
As 还可用于the same…..as, such…..as, as……as 等结构中。例如：
Such opinions as he holds sound strange to ordinary people.
We are facing the same problem as we did years ago.
【英语俗语】
英语俗语,也和其他语言一样,有许多都是由身体各个部份的名称组成的。例如：To follow your nose是指"一直走"。另外还有：To play by ear，意思是看着办。其他还有用hand 和foot这些字组成的习惯用语。
这里我们要向大家介绍由腿，也就是leg这个字组成的习惯用语：
To pull one's leg。To pull one's leg 初看起来好像和中文里的"拉后腿"的意思差不多。但是，千万不要被表面现象所迷惑。To pull one's leg的真正意思是逗别人，开别人玩笑的意思。有时候，有的朋友故意讲一些话来骗我们，后来才发现他是在开玩笑。
例如，一个大学生上了同学的当，事后他说：
例句-3: "My roommate said this girl had told him she wouldn't mind going out with me. But when I invited her to a movie, I learned he was just pulling my leg."
这个大学生说："我的同房间同学说，那个女孩愿意和我一起出去玩。可是，当我请她去看电影的时候，我才发现我那同学是逗我，开我的玩笑。"
要是这个大学生聪明一点的话,他当时就可以对他的同学说：
例句-4: "Hey, stop pulling my leg, will you! I don't believe that girl really said she likes me and would like me to take her out."
这句话的意思是："喂，你别逗我行不行！我才不信那个女孩真的说了她喜欢我，还要我邀她出去玩。"
和leg这个字有关的俗语里还有一个很有趣的说法,那就是：Break a leg! 从字面上来看，break a leg难道是断了一条腿？或是倒霉？不是，break a leg的确切意思是祝愿别人成功。例如，你的朋友明天要去参加高考，你就可以对他说：Break a leg!
Have green fingers 很会种花种菜
Green thumb就是指那些很会种花种菜的人
All thumbs手脚很笨的人
Jump in and get your feet wet到实践中去学
A kettle call the pot black 五十步笑百步
A wet blanket 扫兴的人或事
【同步练习】
根据上下文用适当的词填空：
WORDS AND THEIR STORIES - Birds
By Jill Moss
Today we will(1)_________(解释) some expressions about birds. For example, if something is "for the birds", it is(2) __________(无价值) or not very interesting. Someone who eats like a bird eats very little. And "a bird`s eye view" is a(3) __________(总体的) look at an area from above.
Did you know that if you tell a young person about "the birds and bees", you are explaining about sex and birth. Have you ever(4)_________(观察) that "birds of a feather flock together?" In other words, people who are similar become friends or do things together.
There is some good advice. "A bird in a hand is worth two in a bush". This means you should not risk(5)_________(失去) something you have by trying to get more of something you do not have.
Sometimes, I can do two things by performing only one (6)_______(动作). This is called "killing two birds with one stone". But I would never really kill any birds. I love all kinds animals. This is "a real feather in my cap". It is something to be(7)_______(骄傲) of.
Most of the people I work with are "early birds". They believe that "the early bird catches the worm". They think that a person(8)______ gets up early in the morning for work has the best chance of(9) _________(成功). Everyone in my office works hard but some people have "had their wings clipped". Their jobs have been limited. This is because the office is organized by packing order. People with more years and (10)____________(经验) are given more (11)________________(责任).
Some bird`s expressions are about crows, chickens and ducks. For example, when I am driving. I always travel "as the crow flies". I go the most（12）___________(直接) way. Anyone who "eats crow" has to admit a mistake or defeat.
Now let`s talk about my sister. She is not very young. She is "no spring of chicken". She will work any job for "chicken feed", a small (13)_______（数量） of money. She is easily frightened. For example, she is too "chicken livered" to walk down a dark street alone at night. Often she will "chicken out". She will not go out alone at night.
My sister was "an ugly duckling". She looked strange when she was a child. But she grew up to be a beautiful woman. Sometimes she thinks too much about having something in the future before she really has it. She "counts her chickens before they are hatched". Sometimes "her chickens come home to roost". That means her actions or words cause trouble for her. However my sister does not worry about what people say about her. (14)_________（批评） falls off her like water off a duck`s back.
Politicians are sometimes considered "lame ducks" after losing an election. They have little time left in office and no much power. Congress holds a "lame duck" session after an (15)__________(选举). Important laws are not passed during this period.
二 从上文中找出下列说法对应的英文：
一文不值：
鸟瞰：
物以类聚：
一矢二鸟：
两鸟在林不如一鸟在手：
早起的鸟儿有虫吃：
得意之物：
束缚手脚：
论资排队：
10. 胆小如鼠:
11. 招灾惹祸:
12. (对别人的批评)充耳不闻:
13. 吃苍蝇:
14. 蝇头小利:
15: 过早乐观:
三、选择正确的答案完成下面一段对话：
A: Who is it?
B: Dad.
A: come on in, Dad.
B: (1)______________________. I brought you a sandwich .
A: I am hungry. Thanks, Dad. What time ist, anyway?
B: Ten o’clock. What are you working on?
A:.(2)___________________________________________
B: And….what do you feel?
A: Me? (3)__________________________________________
B: I felt the same way.
A:(4)_________________________________________
B: Oh,(5)___________________________. Well, don’t work all night.
A: I don’t mind, I enjoy writing.
B: Well, maybe you should think about becoming a writer.
A: Mybe I should.
B: You have lots of time to decide.
A: (6)__________________________________________
B: You will be OK. Good night, son.
A: Good night, Dad.
A.I thought you might be hunger
B. That’s the worst part-making decisions.
C. A little scared and excited, too.
D. The scary part is leaving home and going to college
E. I’m writing an article on the feelings about graduation
F. leaving home is part of growing up
参考答案
一、 1. explain 2. worthless 3. general 4. observed 5. losing 6.action 7.proud 8. who 9. success 10. experience 11.responsibility 12. direct 13 amount 14. criticism 15. election
二、1．for the birds
2．a bird`s eye view
3．Birds of a feather flock together
4．Kill two birds with one stone
5．A bird in a hand is worth two in a bush
6．The early bird catches the worm
7. a real feather in my cap
8. had their wings clipped
9．Packing order
10. chicken livered
11. the chickencomes home to roost
12. Criticism falls off her like water off a duck`s back..
13. eat the crow
14.chicken feed
15.count one’s chickens before they are hatched.
三、A E C D F B